بررسی رشد و فنولوژی محصول اصلی و راتون ارقام برنج در سامانه‌های زراعی مختلف

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر پسادکتری، بخش مهندسی ژنتیک و ایمنی زیستی، پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران، کرج، ایران

2 استاد گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اراک، اراک، ایران

4 استادیار گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

این آزمایش با هدف ارزیابی فنولوژی رشد محصول اصلی و راتون برنج در سامانه‌های زراعی، به‌صورت کرت‌های‌ خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی واقع در شهرستان نکا طی سال‌های 1390 و 1391 اجرا شد. نظام‌های کاشت رایج، بهبودیافته و فشرده[1] به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و ارقام سنگ طارم، طارم هاشمی، ندا و شیرودی به‌عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که در نظام کاشت رایج دوره رشد طولانی‌تر بوده و تأخیر در وارد شدن به مرحله زایشی به کاهش عملکرد شلتوک محصول اصلی و راتون منجر شد. در نظام کاشت فشرده ایجاد شرایط بهینه رشد باعث افزایش عملکرد شد. بیش‌ترین عملکرد شلتوک محصول اصلی برای دو رقم ندا و شیرودی تولید شد. عملکرد شلتوک راتون رقم طارم هاشمی به‌میزان 53/7 درصد بیش‌تر از رقم سنگ طارم بود. حداکثر عملکرد شلتوک محصول اصلی در اثر متقابل نظام کاشت فشرده و رقم ندا حاصل شد. بیش‌ترین شاخص برداشت محصول اصلی در اثر متقابل بین نظام کاشت فشرده و رقم شیرودی (12/57 درصد) به‌دست آمد. بالاترین شاخص برداشت راتون نیز در اثر متقابل دو نظام کاشت فشرده و بهبودیافته برای رقم طارم هاشمی مشاهده شد. بنابراین، کاشت ارقام برنج در نظام کاشت فشرده سودمندی بالاتری نسبت به نظام کاشت بهبودیافته و رایج داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Growth and Phenology of Main Crop and Ratoon of Rice Cultivars in Differents Cropping Systems

نویسندگان [English]

  • Salman Dastan 1
  • Ghorban Noormohamadi 2
  • Hamid Madani 3
  • Mahbobeh Ebrahimi 4
  • Esmail Yasari 4
1 Postdoctoral Research Scholar, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj
2 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associated Professor, Department of Agronomy, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

This experiment was carried out with aim of evaluation of phenological traits of main crop and ratoon of rice in cropping system, as split plot in randomized complete blocks design with four replications at Neka, Mazandaran, Iran in 2011 and 2012. Planting systems were chosen as main plots (Conventional, Improved and SRI or System of Rice Intensification) and rice cultivars as sub plots (Sang Tarom, Tarom Hashemi, Neda and Shiroodi). The results showed that in conventional system the growth stage was longer and delay to enter there productive phase led to reduction of paddy yeild of main crop and ratoon. In SRI,create optimal conditions for growth cause to increase yield. The most paddy yield of main crop was produced for Neda and Shiroodi cultivars. Paddy yield of ratoon for Tarom Hashemi cultivar was 7.53 % more than Sang Tarom cultivar. The maximum paddy yield of main crop was obtained at interaction of SRI and Neda cultivar. The most harvest index of main crop was achieved at interaction of SRI and Shiroodi cultivar. The highest harvest index of ratoon crop was observed at interaction of SRI and improved systems for Tarom Hashemi cultivar. Therfore, rice cultivars planting in SRI had the higher efficiencythan improved and conventional systems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Harvest index
  • Planting system
  • Rice

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دوفصلنامه فنآوری تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 8، شماره 1
خرداد 1395
صفحه 81-101

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