تأثیر روش‌های مختلف جایگزینی محلول غذایی بر خصوصیات رشدی، فیزیولوژیکی و غلظت عناصر کم‌‌‌‌مصرف سه رقم ریحان در سیستم NFT

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر عج رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

2 استاد، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران

چکیده

غلظت عناصر در محلول غذایی مورداستفاده در کشت‌های بدون خاک، به‌خصوص در سیستم‌های بسته، یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل برای تولید موفق سبزی‌ها است. این آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی در 4 تکرار در گلخانه‌‌ی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ولی‌عصر(عج) رفسنجان انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل 3 واریته ریحان (سبز، بنفش و برگ کاهویی) و سه روش جایگزینی محلول غذایی (جایگزینی کامل، جایگزینی بر اساس هدایت الکتریکی (EC)، جایگزینی بر اساس نیاز گیاه) بود. نتایج نشان داد که خصوصیات رشدی واریته‌های ریحان تحت‌تأثیر جایگزینی بر اساس نیاز غذایی گیاه بیش‌ترین مقادیر را دارا بودند؛ ولی در روش‌های جایگزینی کامل محلول غذایی و تغذیه بر اساس هدایت الکتریکی به علت تجمع عناصر غذایی و شور شدن محلول غذایی سبب کاهش خصوصیات رشدی، کاهش جذب و انتقال عناصر غذایی توسط ریشه و در نهایت خسارت به رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی شد. تعویض محلول غذایی بعد از مدت مشخص می‌تواند خسارات جبران‌ناپذیری بر گیاهان برگی همچون ریحان بزند ولی با استفاده از روش‌های جدید همچون تعویض محلول غذایی براساس نیاز غذایی گیاه و حتی با پایش دقیق هدایت الکتریکی محلول غذایی در طول دوره رشد می‌توان از خسارات به گیاهان جلوگیری کرد. با توجه به نتایج این بررسی روش جایگزینی محلول غذایی بر اساس نیاز غذایی گیاه برای پرورش ریحان در سیستم‌های بسته توصیه می‌شود. زیرا از این طریق می‌توان علاوه‌بر بهینه‌سازی محلول غذایی برای گیاهان موردنظر، در مصرف آب و عناصر غذایی نیز صرفه‌جویی کرد و از خسارت محیط زیست ناشی از دور ریز محلول غذایی با غلظت بالای املاح موجود در آن خودداری گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Different Replacement Methods of Nutrient Solution on Growth, Physiological Characteristics and Concentration of Micronutrient of Three Varieties of Basil in NFT System

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Reza Soufi 1
  • Hamid Reza Roosta 2
1 PhD Student, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, Iran
چکیده [English]

The concentration of elements in the nutrient solution used in soilless cultivation, especially in closed systems, is one of the most important factors for the successful vegetables production. With the aim of comparison of the effect of three nutrient solution replacement methods in NFT system in hydroponic greenhouse of Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 4 replicates was conducted. Factors were nutrient solution replacement method (complete nutrient replacement, partial nutrient replacement according to EC, and partial nutrient replacement according to plant demand) and three basil cultivars (green, purple and; lettuce leaves). The results showed that the growth characteristics of lettuce under the influence of replacement method based on plant needs had the highest values, but in the methods of complete replacement of the nutrient solution and nourishment based on EC, due to the accumulation of nutrients, the growth characteristics, and absorption and transfer of nutrients by the roots decreased, and finally damage to photosynthetic pigments. Changing the nutrient solution after a certain period can cause irreparable damage to leafy plants such as basil, but by using new methods such as changing the nutrient solution based on the plant needs and even with accurate EC monitoring and optimizing the nutrient solution in the growth period can prevent damage to plants and provide the best conditions for increasing the biomass production of plants due to increasing the photosynthetic properties and increasing the absorption of elements. According to the results of this study, the replacement method of nutrient solution based on the plant needs is recommended for growing basil in closed systems; Because in this method, in addition to optimizing the nutrient solution for the desired plants, it is also possible to save water and nutrients and avoid damage caused by the use of nutrient solution with a high concentration of salts.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lettuce leaves
  • Vegetable
  • Nutrient solution
  • Plant needs
  • Hydroponic

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دوفصلنامه فنآوری تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 14، شماره 2
اسفند 1401
صفحه 59-74

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