Effect of Different Ratios of Nitrate to Ammonium and Super Absorbent Polymer on the Yield of Medicinal Plant Dill (Anethum graveolens L.)

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor , Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran

2 M.Sc. Graduate, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft Branch, Jiroft, Iran

3 PhD Student, Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran

Abstract

In order to investigate the effects of nitrate to ammonium ratios and different levels of a super absorbent on some traits of dill a factorial experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design during 2013 agronomic growing seasons in Jiroft region. Nitrogen fertilizer (150 kg ha-1) in five levels (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 100:0) and super absorbent in four levels (0, 10, 20, 30 g m-2) were studied. The results indicated that the consumption of various ratios of nitrate to ammonium and different levels of super absorbent had a significant effect on the dry matter, number of umbel per plant, number of umbellate per umbel, number of seed per umbellate, seed yield and percentage of essence. The highest seed yield was obtained from the simultaneous consumption of 25 percent nitrate, 75 percent ammonium and 20 g super absorbent. The lowest seed yield was also obtained from the application of 100 percent nitrate and no super absorbent. The highest essence percentage was obtained from the application of 100 percent nitrate and 30 g super absorbent and the lowest essence percent was obtained from the application of 100 percent ammonium and 10 g super absorbent. According to the results, in order to increase the seed yield, ammonium ratio should be increased and to increase the essence percentage nitrate ratio should be increased. 

Keywords

Main Subjects


امیری ده­احمدی، س. ر.، رضوانی­مقدم، پ. و احیایی، ح. ر. 1391. تأثیر تنش خشکی بر برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و عملکرد سه گیاه دارویی شوید، گشنیز و رازیانه در شرایط گلخانه­ای. پژوهش‌های زراعی ایران، 10 (1): 124-116.
بابالار، م. و احمدی، ا. 1376. اثر تغذیه مقادیر با نسبت‌های مختلف N-NH4+ و  N-NO3- بر رشد و اندازه عناصر پرمصرف نهال‌های سیب رقم گلدن دلیشس پیوند شده روی پایه مالینگ 9. علوم کشاورزی ایران، 1: 40-31.
بای بوردی، ا.، طباطبایی س. ج. و احمداف، ع. 1389. تأثیر کاربرد نسبت­های مختلف نیترات به آمونیوم بر میزان فتوسنتز، تنفس و فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیدانت کلزا در شرایط شور. نشریه پژوهش­های زراعی ایران. 8 (6): 982-975.
پوراسماعیل، پ. 1385. بررسی تأثیرات پلیمرسوپرجاذب بر کارآیی مصرف آب و عملکرد در لوبیای قرمز. پایان­نامه کارشناسی­ارشد. دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج.
رسام، ق.، قربانزاده، م. و دادخواه، ع. 1385. تأثیر تاریخ کاشت و نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد دانه شوید در منطقه شیروان. علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، 13 (3): 7-1.
قاسمی، م. و خوشخوی، م. 1386. اثر پلیمر ابرجاذب بر دور آبیاری و رشد و نمو گیاه داودی. علوم و فنون باغبانی ایران، 8 (2): 82-65.
ملکوتی، م. ج. و همایی، م. 1383. حاصلخیزی مناطق خشک و نیمه­خشک. انتشارات دانشگاه تربیت مدرس. 482 صفحه. 
نادری، ف. و واشقانی­فراهانی، ا. 1385. حفظ رطوبت خاک با استفاده از پلیمرهای جاذب آب (هیدروژل). علوم خاک و آب، 20 (1): 72-64.
نجفی، ن.، پارسازاده، م.، طباطبایی، س. ج. و اوستان، ش. 1389. تأثیر pH و نسبت نیترات به آمونیوم محلول غذایی بر ویژگی‌های رشد و عملکرد اسفناج. تحقیقات خاک و آب ایران، 44 (2): 283-273.
طاهری، م.، طلایی، ع.، بابالار، م.، تقوی، ت. ا. و عبادی، ع. 1388. اثر منبع نیتروژن، زمان کاشت و نوع بستر بر مقدار فتوسنتز، رشد و مقدار عناصر پرمصرف نهال‌های دو رقم زیتون. مجله علوم و فنون باغبانی ایران، 10 (1): 42-29.
Azizi, A., Yan, F. and Honormeier, B. 2009. Herbage yield, essential oils content and composition of three oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) populations as affected by soil moisture regimes and nitrogen supply. Industrial Crops and Products, 29: 554-561.
Bailer, J., Aichinger, T., Hackl, G., Hueber, K. and Dachler, M. 2001. Essential oil content and composition in commercially available dill cultivars in comparison to caraway. Industrial Crops and Products, 14: 229-239.
Barker, A. V. and Mills, H. A. 1980. Ammonium and nitrate nutrition of horticultural crops. Horticultural Reviews, 2: 395-423.
Breemhaar, H. G. and Bouman, A. 1995. Mechanical harvesting and cleaning of Calendula officinalis and Dimorphotheca pluvialis. Industrial Crops and Products, 4 (3): 281-284.
Chirino, E., Vilagrosa, A. and Vallejo, V. R. 2011. Using hydrogel and clay to improve the water status of seedlings for dry land restoration.  Plant and Soil, 344: 99-110.
Ganmore, N. R. and Kafkafi, U. 1985. The effect of root temperature and nitrate ammonium rates on strawberry plants. II. N uptake, mineral ions and carboxylate concentration. Agronomy Journal, 77: 835-840.
Golcz, A., Politycka, B. and Seidler-Lozykowska, K. 2006. The effect of nitrogen fertilization and stage of plant development on the mass and quality of sweet basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.). Herba Polonica, 52: 22-30.
Hornok, L. 1980. Effect of nutrition supply on yield of dill (Anithum graveolens L.) and the essential oil content. Acta Horticulturae, 96: 337-342.
Hornok, L. 1992. Cultivation and Processing of Medicinal Plants. Academic Publication, Budapest.
Huttermann, A., Reise, K. and Zommorodi, M. 1999. Addition of hydrogels to soil for prolonging the survival of Pinus halepensis seedlings subjected to drought. Soil and Tillage Research, 50: 295-304.
Jangir, R. P. and Singh, R. 1996. Effect of irrigation and nitrogen on seed yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 41: 140-143.
Lapena, L., Perez-Bermudez, P. and Segura, J. 1992. Factors affecting shoot proliferation and vitrification in Digitalis obscura cultures. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology, 28: 121-124.
Letchamo, W. and Marquard, R. 1993. The pattern of active substances accumulation in chamomile genotypes under different growing condition and harvesting frequencies. Acta Horticultuerae, 331: 357-367.
Marschner, H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. pp. 549-561. Academic Press, Sydney.
Mengel, K. and Kirkby, E. A. 2001. Principles of Plant Nutrition. 5th Ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
Moody, P. W., Edwards, D. G. and Bell, L. C. 1995. Effect of banded fertilizers on soil solution composition and short-term root growth. II. Mono and di ammonium phosphates. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 33: 673-683.
Said-Al Ahl, H. A. H., Omer, E. A. and Naguib, N. Y. 2009. Effect of water stress and nitrogen fertilizer on herb and essential oil of oregano. International Agro Physics, 23: 269-275.
Shao, J., Chen, S., Wang, R., Zhang, X. and Jiang, J. 2007. Enhancement of hydrogel on salt resistance of Populus popularis and its mechanism. Journal Beijing for University, 29: 79-84.
Wilcox, G. E., Hoff, J. E. and Jones, C. M. 1973. NH4+ reduction of Ca2+ and Mg2+ content of tomato and sweet corn leaf tissue and influence of incidence of blossom end rot to tomato fruits. Journal of America Society of Horticulture Science, 98: 86-89.
Zehtab-salmasi, S., Javanshir, A., Omidbaigi, R., Alyjari, H. and Ghassemi-golezani, K. 2001. Effects of water supply and sowing date on performance and essential oil production of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 49: 75-81.