Evaluation of Root, Aerial Parts and Chlorogenic Acid Yield of Echinacea purpurea L. Under Different Levels of N Fertilizer and Plant Density

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Research Division of Natural Resources, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran

2 Instructor, Research Division of Natural Resources, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran

3 MSc Student, Department of Horticultural Sciences and Engineering, Azad University of Jahrom, Jahrom, Iran

Abstract

Purple coneflower(Echinacea purpurea L.) is a perennial medicine plant that belongs to Asteraceae family. It is using as immune system stimulant in medicinal industries. This study was done to evaluating root yield, aerial yield and chlorogenic acid yield under different levels of N fertilizer and plant density. The experiment was conducted at Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center of Isfahan in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replication, during 2009- 2010. The N fertilizer (0, 75, 150, 225kg/ha) was as main factor and different densities (11, 17 and 33 plant per m2) were sub factors. Based on the results the interaction of N levels × different densities × year were significant for aerial dry weight, root dry weight, aerial and root dry yield per hectare and chlorogenic acid yield per hectare. The highest dry weight of aerial and root plant (67.6 and 57.7, respectively) were observed at 225kg/ha N fertilizer and 11 plant per m2 densities. The aerial and root dry yield per hectare (19127 and 6342kg/ha, respectively) and chlorogenic acid yield in aerial and root plant (293.2 and 63.4gr/ha, respectively) were obtained in 225kg/ha N fertilizer and 33 plant per m2 densities. A significant positive correlation was observed between aerial dry yield per hectare with root dry yield and chlorogenic acid yield of plant.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

آقاعلیخانی، م.، ایرانپور، آ. و نقدی بادی، ح.، 1392. تغییرات عملکرد زراعی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی سرخارگل (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) تحت تأثیر اوره و کود زیستی، فصلنامه گیاهان دارویی، 12 (46): 121-136.
کوچکی، ع. 1395. تأثیر تراکم و آبیاری بر عملکرد و شاخص‏های رشد گیاه سرخارگل (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench)، بوم‌شناسی کشاورزی، ۸ (3): در دست چاپ.
قاضی‏مناس، م.، بانج شفیعی، ش.، حاج سیدهادی، م. ر. و درزی، م. ت. 1392. بررسی اثرهای مقادیر مختلف کود زیستی ورمی‌کمپوست و نیتروژن بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی بابونه آلمانی (Matricaria chamomilla L.)، فصلنامه تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران، 29 (2): 269-280.
Arisha, H. M. and Bardisi, A. 1999. Effect of nitrogen fertilization and plant spacing on growth, yields and bud quality of common bean under sandy soil conditions. Zagazig Journal of Agriculture Research, 26: 407-419.
Baranauskiene, R., Venskutonis, P. R., Viskelis, P. and Dambrauskiene, E.2003. Influence of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield and composition of thyme (Thymus vulgaris). Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 51 (26): 7751-7758.
Berti, M., Wilckens, R. and Fischer, S. 2002. Effect of harvest season, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on root yield, echinacoside and alkylamides in Echinacea angustifolia L. in Chile. Acta Horticulture, 576: 303-310.
Biskup, E. S. and Saez, F. 2005. Thymus. London and New York press. 330pp.
Bomme, U., Holzl, J., Hessler, C. and Stahn, T. 1992. How does the cultivar influence active compound content and yield of Ecinacea purpurea (L.). Results of second year and overall conclusion, Jahrbuch, 69: 323-342.
Bowels, B. L. and Miller, A. J. 1993. Antibotulinal properties of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, Food Protect, 56: 788-794.
Callan, N. W., Westcott, M. P., Maclane, S. W. and Miller, J. B. 1999. Purple cone flower plant density. Western Agricultural Research Center Montana State University.
Callan, N. W., Yokelson, T., MacLane, S. W. and Ponder, G. 2005. Seasonal trends and plant density effects on cichoric acid in Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. Journal of Herbs Spices and Medicinal Plants, 11 (3): 35-46.
Chen, C. L., Chang, S. C. and Sung, J. M. 2008. Biomass and caffeoyl phenols production of Echinacea purpurea grown in Taiwan. Experimental Agriculture, 44: 497-507.
Chen, C. L., Zhang, S. C. and Sung, J. M. 2009. Caffeoyl phenols and alkamides of cultivated Echinacea purpurea and Echinacea atrorubens var. paradoxa. Pharmaceutical Biology, 47 (9): 835-840.
El-Sayed, A. A., Shalaby, A. S., Hanafy, H. El. and Abd El-Razik, T. M. 2012. Effects of chemical fertilizers on growth and active constituents of Echinacea paradoxa L. plants. Journal of Horticultural Science and Ornamental Plants, 4 (2): 125-133.
Hendawy, S. F. 1995. Agriculture and chemical studies on Echinacea purpurea. MSc Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture of. Zagazig University, Egypt, pp. 184.
Kan, R. 2010. The effect of different doses of organic and inorganic on essential oil yield and components of Echinacea (E. pallida-E. purpurea) under Konya ecological conditions. University of Selcuk, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Field Crops Department, Konya.
Kizil, S. and Tonces, O. 2013. Effects of different nitrogen forms on some agronomical characteristics of Echinacea purpurea in semi-arid conditions of Turkey. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, LVI: 304-307.
Kucukali, K. 2012. The effect of different sowing density and harvest times on yield and quality of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) in Cukurova ecologıcal conditions. Cukurova Unıversıty Instıtute of Natural and Applıed Sciences Fıeld Crops Department, Msc Thesis, Adana.
Martin, R. J. and Deo, B. 2000. Effect of plant population on calendula (Calendula officinalis) production. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 28: 37-44.
Mckeown, K. A. 1999. A review of the taxonomy of the genus Echinacea. In: J. Janick (ed.), Perspectives on new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA, pp: 482-489.
Morton, L. W., Abu-Amsha Caccetta, R., Puddey, I. B. and Croft, K. D. 2000. Chemistry and biological effects of dietary phenolic compounds: relevance to cardiovascular disease. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiolgy, 27 (3): 152-159.
Pellati, F., Benvenuti, S., Magro, L., Melegari, M. and Soragni, F. 2004. Analysis of phenolic compounds and radical scavenging activity of Echinacea spp., Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 35: 289-301
Pizzornojr, J. E. and Murra, M. T. Y. 1999. Textbook of natural medicine, Churchill Livingstone, London, 11: 703.
Powell, E. E., Carrier, D. J., Crowe, T. G. and Bantle, M. R. L. 2001. Echinacoside and alkamide distribution in Echinacea angustifolia root: root depth and growing condition, Journal of Nutraceuticals, Functional and Medical Foods, 3 (3): 95-106.
Sati, M. 2012. The effect different plant density on some agricultural and quality characteristics. of Echinacea purpurea L. University of Ege, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Field Crops Department, Konya, 52 syf.
Schulz, V., Hausel, R. and Tylev, V. E. 2001. Rational phytotherapy. A physician guide to herbal medicine. Springer, Germany, pp: 342-347.
Shalaby, A., Gengaihi, S. E., Agina, E., Khayat, A. E. and Hendawy, S. 1997. Growth and yield of Echinacea purpurea L. as influenced by planting density and fertilization. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medical Plant, 5: 69-76.
Sharma, M., Arnason, J. T., Burt, A. and Hudson, J. B. 2006. Echinacea extracts modulate the pattern of chemokine and cytokine secretion in rhinovirus infected and uninfected epithelial cells. Phytorther Research, 20 (2): 147-152.
Van Gaal, T. M., Galatowitsch, S. M. and Strefeler, M. S. 1998. Ecological consequences of hybridization between a wild species (Echinacea purpurea) and related cultivar. Science Horticulturea, 76: 73-88.
Wuc, H., Hanhn, E. J. and Paek, K. Y. 2007. Large scale cultivation of adventitious roots of Echinacea purpurea in airlift bioreactors for the production of chicoric acid, chlorogenic acid and caftaric acid. Biotechnology Letters, 29: 1179-1182.
Yarnia, M., Farzanian, M., Rashidi, V., Javanshir, V. and Aliasgharzad, N. 2012. Effects of microelement fertilizers and phosphate biological fertilizer on some morphological traits of purple coneflower in water stress condition, African Journal of Microbiology Research, 6 (22): 4825-4832.
Yaldiz, G., Kara, S. M. and Sekeroglu, N. 2012. Adaptatıon of different Echinacea species (Echinacea spp.) to rize ecological conditions.Symposium on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, p. 250-254.
Volume 10, Issue 2
March 2019
Pages 135-143

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics