The Effect of Green Manures and Nitrogen Fertilizer on some Characteristics of Quantity and Quality of Potato

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 PhD Student, Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia

2 Professor, Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia

3 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

Abstract

This study was conducted during 2009 and 2010 to investigate the effect of green manure and nitrogen fertilizers on the yield, dry matter, starch, protein and reducing sugars content in potato. A split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications was carried out. Green manures were applied at 5 levels (barley, canola, clover, vetch and without green manure) as main plot and nitrogen fertilizer were applied at 4 levels (100, 75, 50 and 25% of recommended) as sub-plot. The results for both years were statistically analyzed separately and also combined. Dry matter, starch, protein, reducing sugars percent and also potato tuber yield were affected by green manures and nitrogen manure levels. Also the interaction of treatments was significant on the yield, protein and reducing sugar percentage of potato tubers. The vetch green manure and 75% of recommended nitrogen was the best green manure. This treatment significantly increased dry matter and starch percentage of potato tuber by 22.3 and 12 percent, respectively. Also, the vetch green manure and 100% of recommended nitrogen increased protein percentage of tuber significantly; and the interaction of green manures and nitrogen fertilizer on the reducing sugars percentage was within the permissible limit. In terms of tuber yield per area unit, the interaction of clover with 75% of recommended nitrogen was the best treatment and resulted in a 33% increase in tuber yield. In addition, it decreased the amount of nitrogen consumption by 25%.

Keywords

Main Subjects


خواجه‌پور، م. ر. 1386. گیاهان صنعتی، انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی اصفهان، 564 صفحه.
شجاعی علی‌آبادی، س.، نیکوپور، ه.، کبارفرد، ف. و پارسا‌پور، م. م. 1387. تأثیر رقم (واریته) سیب‌زمینی بر مقدار تشکیل آکریل‌آمید در سیب‌زمینی، مجله علوم تغذیه و صنایع غذایی ایران، سال سوم، شماره 1: 72-65.
شهسواری، ن. و صفاری، م. 1384 .اثر مقدار نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سه رقم گندم در کرمان، مجله پژوهش و سازندگی در زراعت و باغبانی، 66: 87-82.
عقیقی، م.، کندی، ش.، توبه، ا. و برقی، ع. 1391. تأثیر تغذیه نیتروژن معدنی بر روی شاخص برداشت و میزان نشاسته ارقام سیب‌زمینی. اولین همایش ملی کشاورزی در شرایط محیطی دشوار.سیویلیکا. 9 صفحه.
قبادی، ر.، جلیلیان، ع. و فرنیا، ا. 1389. تأثیر سطوح مختلف و کود نیتروژن بر صفات کیفی دانه‌ی ذرت (هیبرید 704)، پنجمین همایش ملی ایده‌های نو در کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خوراسگان اصفهان، 27 تا 28 بهمن 1389.
قربانلی، م.، هاشمی مقدم، ش. و فلاح، ا. 1385. بررسی اثر متقابل آبیاری و نیتروژن بر برخی از صفات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گیاه برنج (Oryza sativa)، مجله علمی-پژوهشی علوم کشاورزی، سال دوازدهم، شماره 2: 428-415.
گودرزی، ف. و آذری، ک.1390. اثر مقادیر مختلف کودهای نیتروژن و پتاسه بر عملکرد و خواص کیفی سیب‌زمینی رقم آگریا. مجله پژوهش در علوم زراعی، سال سوم، شماره 11: 93-83.
AOAC, 1990. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 2 vols. 15th Ed. Washington, DC.
Baniuniene,A. 2005. The effects of under sown green manure crops on potato productivity under the conditions of sustainable agriculture. Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Perloja Experimental Station, 24 (3): 311-320.
Bond, W. and Turner, R. 2005. Weed management outline for potatoes. Weed Science, 39: 94-101.
Castro, C. A. 1988. Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on yield and quality of two potato cultivars. Anais-da-UTAD, 1 (1): 117-123.
Davis, J., Huisman, O. and Westerman, D. 1999. Some unique benefits with sudangrass for improved U.S. 1 yields and size of Russet Burbank potato. American Journal of Potato Research, 81: 403-413.
Defauw, Sh. L., Zhong, He., Larkin, R. P. and Mansour, S. A. 2012. Sustainable potato production: Global Case Studies, Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London, Book. p. 3-16.
Delgado, J., Essah, S., Dillon, M., Ingohn, R., Manter, D., Stuebe, A. and Sparks, R. 2008. Using green manure to enhance potato production: Π Other Benefits- Effects on Nutrient Cycling, Tuber Yield Quality, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USBA)- Publication Date, January 30. p. 12.
Dubois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. A. and Smith, F. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugar and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, 28: 350-356.
Feng, T. and Rui, F. 2008. Effects of fertilizing nitrogenous and potash fertilizer on yield of potato. Journal of. Qinghai University, 13 (4): 120-127.
Finnigan, B. F. 2001. The value of green manures in potato cropping systems, Presented at the University of Idaho Potato Conference, January 17. p. 127-130.
Grubb, E. H. and Guilford, W. S. 2010. Botany, physical and chemical composition potato. Free Books. Cooking. The Potato, p. 15.
Hansen, Ch. L., Thybo, A. K., Bertram, H. Ch., Viereck, N., Berg, F. V. B. and Engelson, B. 2010. Determination of dry matter content in potato tubers by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (Lf-NMR). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemical, 58: 10300-10304.
Hong, D., Weihua, L., Mingjuan, Y. and Yushu, Z. 2007. Effect of new potato specific fertilizers on the yield and quality of potato. Chinese Agricultural Science. Bulletin. Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou Index: 350013.
Kleinkopf, G. E., Westerman, D. T. and Dwelle, R. B. 1981. Dry matter production and nitrogen utilization by potato cultivars. Agronomy Journal, 73 (2): 799-802.
Lopachin, R. M. 2004. The changing view of acrylamide neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicol, 25: 617-630.
Mc Cready, R. M., Guggolz, J., Silviera, V. and Owens, H. S. 1950. Determination of starch and amylase in hemocuprein. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 244: 6094-55.
Makaraviciute, A. 2003. Effect of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of different potato varieties. Agronomy Research, 1 (2): 197-209.
Mayer, J., Buegger, F., Jensen, E. S. and Schloter, M. H. J. 2003. Residual nitrogen contribution from grain legumes to succeeding wheat and rape and related microbial process. Plant Soil, 255: 541-554.
Miller, J. 2004. Reservation alternative cropping project finds benefit from mustard Green manure. NCAP, 208: 850-854.
Mishanec, J. J. 2004. Evaluation of Green manure rotational stragis for potatoes in upstate. CCE, NYS IPM program, final project report to the New York state Growers Inc. 2003-2004. p. 1-5.
Mottram, S. and Wedzicha B. L. 2002. Acrylamide is formed in the maillard reaction. Nature, 419: 448-449.
Plotkin, J. M. B. 2000. The effects of green manure rotation crops on soils and potato yield and quality. University of Main in May 2000. p. 107.
Ranjbar, M., Nasr Esfahani, M. and Salehi, S. 2012. Phenology and morphological diversity of the main potato cultivars in Iran. Journal of Ornamental and Horticultural Plants (JOHP), 2 (3): 201-212.
Saskatoon, C. 2006. Increasing Phosphorus availability through green manure, composted manure and rock phosphate. Interim Research Report W2006, p. 17.
Sincik, M., Metin Turan, Z. and Tanjo Goksoy, A. 2008. Responses of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to green manure cover crops and nitrogen fertilization rates. American Journal of Potato Research, 85 (5): 390-391.
Sparrow, L. A. and Chapman, S. R. 2003. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet burbank) in Tasmania. 1. Yield and quality. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 43: 631-641.
Sweeney, D. W. and Moyer, J. L. 2004. In-season nitrogen uptake by grain sorghum following legume green manures in conservation tillage systems. Agronomy Journal, 96 (2): 510-515.
Westermann, D. R., Bosma, S. M. and Kay, M. A. 1994. Nutrient concentration relationship between the fourth petiole and upper-stem of potato plants. American Potato Journal, 71: 817-828.
Yassen, V., Rajo, R., Barrera, V., Zumelzu, G., Cozzi, J., Kabayashi, K. and Gosoni, L. 2011. Effect of green manure and biocontrol agents on potato crop in Cordoba Argentina, Journal of Plant Pathology, 93 (3): 713-717.