Changes in Temperature and Gas Exchange in Leaf of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Seedlings in Response to Kaolin Application

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Student, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

4 Professor, Department of Crop Biotechnology and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

5 PhD Student, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

In order to evaluate the effect of kaolin on leaf gas exchangein seedlings of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.), an experiment was conducted as split plot based on a completely randomized design with five replications in open field condition during year of 2013. Kaolin concentration at four levels (0, 5, 10 and 15%) and spraying time at three levels (once, two and three times) in 3×4 factorial as main factor and five sampling time as sub-factors were considered. Results of the experiment indicated that 5, 10 and 15% concentrations of Kaolin reduced leaf temperature by 1.1, 2 and 2.2°C compared to the control. Simple effect of spraying time on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration was significant, whereas these traits significantly decreased when spraying was more than two times. Maximum photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and intracellular CO2 were recorded in 5% Kaolin. Treatments of control and 15% Kaolin recorded maximum and minimum value in quantum yield with 0.89 and 0.88, respectively. Generally, 5% Kaolin concentration in one and two spraying time increased leaf gas exchange compared to the control due to the reduction in negative effects of high temperature. Nevertheless, high kaolin concentrations (10% and 15%) despite further lowering leaf temperature, decreased the photosynthesis of pistachio seedlings significantly due to increasing light reflection as a result the thick layer of kaolin on leaf and disruption of stomatal activity.

Keywords

References

Abou-khaled, A., Hagan, R. M. and Davenport, D. C. 1970. Effects of kaolinite as a reflective antitranspirant on leaf temperature, transpiration, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency. Water Resource Research, 6: 280–289.
Ansary, E. M. and Abdulrahman, I. A. 2005. Effects of kaolin and pinolene film-forming polymers on water relations and photosynthetic rate of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.). Agricultural Science, 18: 35-49.
Creamer, R., Sanogo, S., El-Sebai, O. A., Carpenter, J. and Sanderson, R. 2005. Kaolin-based foliar reflectant affects physiology and incidence of beet curly top virus but not yield of Chile pepper. Horticultural Science, 40: 574-576.
Glenn, D. M., Puterka, G. J., Drake, S. R., Unruh, T. R., Knight, A. L. and Baherle, P. 2001. Particle film applicationinfluences apple leaf physiology, fruit yield, and fruit quality. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, 126: 175-181.
Glenn, D. M., Prado, E., Erez, A., McFerson, J. and Puterka, G. J. 2002. A reflective, processed- Kaolin particle film affects fruit temperature, radiation reflection, and solar injury in apple. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 127: 188-193.
Glenn, D. M., Erez, A., Puterka, G. J. and Gundrum, P. 2003. Particle films affect carbon assimilation and yield in ‘Empire’ apple. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 128: 356-362.
Glenn, D. M. and Puterka, G. J. 2005. Particle films: A new technology for agriculture. Horticultural Review (American Society for Horticultural Science), 31: 1-44.
Grange, M. I., Wand, S. J. A. and Theron, K. I. 2004. Effect of kaolin applications on apple fruit quality and gas exchange of apple leaves. Acta Horticulturae, 636: 545-550.
Harben, P. W. 1995. The industrial minerals handbook II: A guide to markets, specifications, and prices. Arby Industrial Minerals Division Metal Bulletin. PLC, London.
Jifon, J. L. and Syvertsen, J. P. 2003. Kaolin particle film applications can increase photosynthesis and water use efficiency of "Ruby Red" grapefruit leaves. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 128: 107-112.
Levitt, J. 1980. Responses of plants to environmental stresses. 2nd ed, Vol 1 and 2. Academic Press. New York.
Lombardini, L., Glenn, D. M. and Harris, M. K. 2004. Application of kaolin-based particle film on pecan trees: consequences on leaf gas exchange. Stem water potential, nut quality, and insect populations. Horticultural Science, 39: 857–858.
Marcela Sotelo-Cuitiva, Y., Restrepo-Díaz, H., García-Castro, A., Ramírez-Godoy, A. and Flórez-Roncancio, V. J. 2011. Effect of kaolin film particle applications (surround wp®) and water deficit on physiological characteristics in rose cut plants (Rose spp L.). American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2: 354-358.
Mazor, M. and Erez, A. 2003. Processed kaolin protects fruits from Mediterranean fruit fly infestations. Journal of Applied Physiology, 28: 786-790.
Melgarejo, P., Mrtinez, J. J., Hernandez, F., Martinez-Font, R., Barrows, P. and Erez, A. 2003. Kaolin treatment to reduce pomegranate sunburn. Horticultural Science, 100: 349-353.
Prakash, M. and Ramachandran, K. 2000. Effects of moisture stress and anti-transpirants on leaf chlorophyll. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 184: 53-156.
Puterka, G. J., Glenn, M., Sekutowski, D. G., Unruh, T. R. and Jones, S. K. 2000. Progress toward a liquid formulation of particle films for insect and disease control in pear. Environmental Entomology, 29: 329-339.
Rosati, A., Metcalf, S. G., Buchner, R. P., Fulton, A. E. and Lampinen, B. D. 2006. Physiological effects of Kaolin applications in well-irrigated and water-stressed walnut and almond trees. Annals of Botany, 98: 267-275.
Wunsche, J. N., Lombardini, L. and Greer, D. H. 2004. ‘Surround’ particle film applications: Effect on whole canopy physiology of apple. Acta Horticulturae, 636: 565-571.
Volume 11, Issue 2
March 2019
Pages 145-155

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics