Evaluation of the Relationship between Phenological Traits and Yield per Plant and the Application of These Traits in Selection and Grouping Quinoa Genotypes

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 MSc Graduate, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Vegetable and Irrigated Pulse Crops Research, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

Abstract

This research aimed to study the relationship between different phenological traits with grain yield and investigate the effectiveness of these traits in single plant selection in quinoa, which was done based on a randomized complete block design. Grain yield per plant showed the most significant positive correlation with day-to physiological maturity and grain filling period and the most significant negative correlation with day-to-ten leaves and day-to germination.  Day-to physiological maturity, day-to-ten leaves (with negative coefficient), and grain filling period were entered into the regression model. The two traits of day-to-ten leaves and day-to physiological maturity had the most direct negative and positive effects on grain yield changes, respectively. The most indirect positive effect was related to the grain filling period, due to the increase in day-to physiological maturity. The distribution of genotypes in all four biplot areas indicated high genetic diversity of genotypes. The favorite genotypes (16, 8, 15, and 14) had the highest amount of traits of day-to physiological maturity, grain filling period, and day-to milky grain and were located in the favorable area of the biplot. According to the results of the cluster analysis, these genotypes were located in the "grain yield cluster". On the contrary, unfavorable genotypes (2, 7, and 12) had the highest day-to-ten leaves, day-to-germination, and day-to-four leaves. In general, the selection to increase the day-to physiological maturity and the grain filling period and the selection against the day-to-ten leaves and the day-to germination will improve the yield per plant of quinoa.

Keywords

Main Subjects


امیریوسفی، م.، تدین، م. ر. و ابراهیمی، ر. 1399. اثر کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک، اجزای عملکرد و عملکرد گیاه کینوا. مجله تولید و فرآوری محصولات زراعی و باغی، 10 (2): 17-1.
حمزه، ح.، اصغری، ع.، محمدی، س. ا.، سفالیان، ا. و محمدی، س. 1397. اثر تغییرات صفات فنولوژیک و تخصیص مواد فتوسنتزی در شرایط متفاوت رطوبتی بر عملکرد دانه گندم نان. مجله تنش‌های محیطی در علوم زراعی، 11 (4): 816-803.
رشیدی، ف. و مجیدی، م. م. 1395. تحلیل ارتباط ویژگی‌های فنولوژیک، مورفولوژیک و عملکرد دانه در ژنوتیپ‌های چهار گونه جنس براسیکا در شرایط تنش و عدم تنش خشکی. مجله تولید و فرآوری محصولات زراعی و باغی، 6 (19): 34-15.
سپهوند ، ن.، سرهنگی، م.، مهرابی ، ر. و مصطفوی، خ.، 1394. بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی مورفوتیپ‌های کینوا با استفاده از نشانگر مولکولی ریزماهواره. ژنتیک نوین، 10 (1): 122-115.
سیفی، س. ا.، رمضانپور، س. س.، سلطانلو، ح.، صالحی، م. و سپهوند، ن.، 1394. بررسی برخی صفات مورفولوژیک مرتبط با عملکرد و زودرسی در ارقام اصلاح‌شده کینوا (.Chenopodium quinoa Willd). نشریه تولید گیاهان زراعی، 8 (2): 169-153.
کریمی مقدم، ش. 1398. ارزیابی سازگاری و تنوع مرفوتیپ‌های کینوا از طریق نشانگرهای مرفولوژیکی و ریزماهواره‌ای در شرایط مختلف رطوبتی. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی‌ارشد. دانشگاه بوعلی سینا. 98 صفحه.
مولائی، ع. و باقری، م. 1398. مقایسه عملکرد ژنوتیپ‌های کینوا در شهرکرد. شانزدهمین کنگره ملی علوم زراعت و اصلاح نباتات ایران. 7-5 بهمن 1398. دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، صفحات 4-1.
Afiah, S. A., Hassan, W. A. and Kady, A. Al. 2018. Assessment of six quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) genotypes for seed yield and its attributes under toshka conditions. Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research, 45 (6): 2281-2294.
Bhargava, A., Shukla, S. and Ohri, D. 2007. Genetic variability and interrelationship among various morphological and quality traits in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Field Crops Research, 101 (1): 104-116.
Bhargava, A., Shukla, S. and Ohri, D. 2012. Implications of direct and indirect selection parameters for improvement of grain yield and quality components in (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) International Journal of Plant Production, 2 (3): 183-192.
De Santis, G., D’ambrosio, T., Rinaldi, M. and Rascio, A. 2016. Heritabilities of morphological and quality traits and interrelationships with yield in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) genotypes in the Mediterranean environment. Journal of Cereal Science, 70: 177-185.
Elsohaimy, S., Refaay, T. and Zaytoun, M. 2015. Physicochemical and functional properties of quinoa protein isolate. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 60 (2): 297-305.
FAO, 2011. Quinoa is an ancient crop to contribute to world food security. From http://www.fao.org/quinoa-2013/publications/detail/en/item/202738/icode.
Jacobsen, S. E., Liu, F. and Jensen, C. R. 2009. Does root-sourced ABA play a role for the regulation of stomata under drought in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Scientia Horticulture, 122: 281-287.
Mohyuddin, S. G., Riaz, A., Qamar, A., Ali, S. H., Hu, C., Wu, L., YU, T. and Ju, X. H. 2019. Quinoa is beneficial to the comprehensive nutritional value of potential health. Pakistan Journal of Science, 71 (2): 69-74.
Prager, A., Munz, S., Nkebiwe, P., Mast, B. and Graeff, S. 2018. Yield and quality characteristics of different quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Cultivars are grown under field conditions in southwestern Germany. Agronomy, 8 (197): 1-19.