Evaluation of the Effect of Planting Medium and Different Fertilizer Compositions on Morpho-Physiological, Nutrient and Yield Characteristics of Physalis

Abstract
The importance of proper plant nutrition and the use of biofertilizers along with the optimal use of chemical fertilizers is a new approach that leads to high production and yield of the plant. In this study, the effect of planting medium and different fertilizers on the morphological characteristics of Physalis plant was investigated as a split plot experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor includes planting medium in four levels of control, manure, vermicompost and the combination of manure and vermicompost and the second factor the effect of different fertilizers in six levels including control, NPK chemical fertilizer, potash chelate 28%, iron nano chelate 15%, supra humic and biomass biofertilizer was applied to the soil during the growing season. The highest fruit yield per plant, number of leaves, leaf area, plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, was in the culture medium of vermicompost + vermicompost and biomic nano-biological fertilizer. The results of mean comparison showed that the highest fruit yield per plant was in the medium of animal manure + vermicompost and with the application of bio-nano biological biofertilizer (2.29 kg per plant). Also, the lowest fruit yield per plant was observed in the control treatment (0.49 g per plant). Therefore, in order to benefit more from the benefits of vermicompost in planting medium and biological fertilizers, it is recommended to include them in the nutrition program of Physalis plant to improve important growth and yield parameters and maintain human health by using biological fertilizers.
Introduction
Physalis (Physalis peruviana L.) belongs to the Solanaceae family, a tropical plant native to South America. Among the physalis species, the peruviana species is prominent due to its unique taste and high yield. Small fruits are consumed fresh and there is a limit in the use of chemicals to increase their quality. Therefore, the importance of proper nutrition of plants and the use of biological fertilizers along with the optimal use of chemical fertilizers is a new approach that leads to high plant production and performance. Physalis fruit is a very valuable product because of its unique taste, texture and color.
Materials and Methods
In this research, the effect of planting medium and different fertilizers on the morphological characteristics of Physalis plants was investigated in the form of split plots in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor includes the planting medium in four control levels, manure, vermicompost and the combination of manure and vermicompost, and the second factor is the effect of different fertilizers in six levels including control, NPK chemical fertilizer, potassium chelates 28%, iron nano chelates 15%. %, superhumic biofertilizer and biomass were applied to the soil during the growing season. Parameters such as plant height, leaf surface, number of nodes, internode distance, number of fruits per plant, soluble solids, and the concentration of nutrients were investigated and studied.
Results and Discussion
The highest yield of fruit per plant, number of leaves, leaf area, plant height, dry weight and dry weight of shoots and roots were found in the manure + vermicompost cultivation medium and with the application of biomic biological nano fertilizer. So that the average comparison results showed that the maximum number of fruits per plant was in the manure + vermicompost cultivation medium and with the use of biomic nano biological fertilizer (2.29 kg per plant). Also, the lowest number of fruits per plant was observed in the control treatment (0.49 g per plant). In the vermicompost + manure culture medium and biomic biological nano fertilizer application, the highest amount of soluble solids was 16.5 degrees Brix and the lowest of this index was observed in the control treatment (without fertilizer) at 14 degrees Brix. The highest concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were respectively (2.35 percent), (0.55 percent), and (3.5 percent) in the treatment of vermicompost + manure and biomic biological nanofertilizer, while the lowest concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and Potassium was observed respectively (1.15%), (0.32%) and (2.10%) in the control treatment (without fertilizer). In the treatment of manure + vermicompost and with the application of biomic biological nano fertilizer, the most chlorophyll a (8.5 mg/g fresh weight), b (7 mg/g fresh weight), total (16 mg/g fresh weight) and carotenoid (6 mg/g fresh weight) was obtained. Therefore, it is recommended to take advantage of the benefits of vermicompost in the planting medium and biological fertilizers, to include them in the nutritional program of the physalis plant so that important growth and yield parameters are improved and human health is maintained by using biological fertilizers.
Conclusion
In general, the results showed that the use of biological fertilizers, having many advantages such as water retention capacity, improving the nutritional status of the soil, increasing the growth characteristics and the concentration of nutrients, has been able to increase the dry weight of the plant, and then increase the yield of the plant and increase the concentration of total soluble solids in the fruit and increase the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in the plant. For this reason, it is recommended to use vermicompost planting bed with 5 tons per hectare in combination with 20 tons per hectare of manure and the use of biomic biological Nano fertilizer in the physalis plant cultivation and nutrition programs.