Improving Grain Oil Yield and Oil Fatty Acids of Different Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Cultivars with Sulfur Spraying

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran

3 Agronomy Department, Fasa Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fasa, Iran

10.22084/ppt.2024.26557.2085

Abstract

Abstract
The global approach in the production of oil plants is to increase oil yield and change the proportion of fatty acids in seed oil through management methods such as optimal use of chemical fertilizers; Therefore, the main goal of this research was to improve the content of oil and fatty acids in the seed oil of different sesame cultivars with sulfur foliar application. This research was conducted as a factorial experiment in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018 and 2019 in Fasa city, located in the east of Fars province, Iran. The first factor was five sesame cultivars (including Darab, Fasa, Iraqi, Dashestan and Barazjan) and the second factor was sulfur spraying in five concentrations (including control, 2, 4, 6 and 8 grams per liter). In this experiment, the percentage of sesame seed oil and protein, seed yield, seed oil and its fatty acids were measured. The results showed that increasing the concentration of sulfur with a concentration of 8 grams per liter caused a 13.4% increase in seed oil compared to the control. Consumption of sulfur with a concentration of 8 grams per liter caused a decrease of 19.1% in grain protein compared to the control. The results showed the different response of cultivars in terms of oil yield and fatty acids of seed oil. Unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid and linoleic acid (with a concentration of 44.4 and 36.8 percent and saturated fatty acids palmitic acid and stearic acid with a concentration of 9.6 and 7.2 percent, are the highest in different sesame cultivars) study showed. With the increase of sulfur level, the amount of fatty acids investigated increased in the seed, except for linoleic acid. In total, the results showed that the use of foliar spraying concentration of 8 grams per liter of sulfur increased the yield of oil and fatty acids of seed oil of different sesame cultivars.
Introduction
Sesame (Sesamumn indicum L.) is one of the plants adapted to arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Sesame planting has been customary since ancient times, and features such as tolerance to drought and high quantity and quality of oil are among the things that have drawn attention to this plant. Sesame is widely used in the preparation of edible oil and medicine due to its quality oil, protein and antioxidants. Consumption of sulfur increases the yield of sesame. Native populations can be used as a valuable genetic resource in breeding new cultivars if they have suitable traits. The present research was aimed at evaluating the effect of foliar application of different concentrations of sulfur on the improvement of oil yield (quantity of oil yield) and fatty acids of seed oil (quality of oil yield) in different sesame cultivars.
Materials and Methods
This research was conducted as a factorial experiment in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018 and 2019 in Fasa city, located in the east of Fars province, Iran. The first factor was five sesame cultivars (including Darab, Fasa, Iraqi, Dashestan and Barazjan) and the second factor was sulfur spraying in five concentrations (including control, 2, 4, 6 and 8 grams per liter). Sulfur was used as a liquid suspension with the brand name of Sulfur Samiran. In this experiment, the percentage of sesame seed oil and protein, seed yield, seed oil and its fatty acids were measured.
 Results and Discussion
In all concentrations of sulfur application, the highest oil yield was observed in Dashtestan cultivar, while the lowest oil yield was observed in Iraqi cultivar. In all cultivars, with the increase in sulfur concentration, the oil yield of sesame cultivars increased significantly, so that the foliar spraying concentration of 8 grams per liter of sulfur caused a 24% and 28% increase in oil yield in Darab and Fasa cultivars, respectively. An increase of 13, 17 and 24% in oil yield in Iraqi, Dashtistan and Barazjan cultivars, respectively, was achieved with foliar spraying of 8 grams per liter of sulfur. 11 fatty acids including four saturated fatty acids (myristic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid and stearic acid) and 7 unsaturated fatty acids (palmitoleic acid, heptadecanoic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, alpha linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and gadoleic acid) was recognized from the investigated sesame cultivars.
 Conclusion
In this experiment, sulfur had a positive contribution in bringing sesame closer to oil yield potential and seed oil quality. In all cultivars, the highest increase in the percentage of fatty acids obtained by applying foliar application of 8 grams per liter of sulfur fertilizer, which belongs to arachidonic acid. This unsaturated fatty acid increased by 17.2% compared to the control treatment with increasing concentration of sulfur spraying. The highest yield of sesame seed oil was obtained with foliar spraying of 8 grams per liter of sulfur in the Dashtestan cultivar at the rate of 1504 kg per hectare.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Volume 15, Issue 2
March 2024
Pages 69-83

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