Yield and Grain Quality Traits and Genotypes and Detection of Fertility Restoration Genes in Hybrid Rice

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.Sc. Graduate,, Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

3 Associate Professor,, Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

4 Ph.D. Graduate, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
Given the escalating global population, dwindling agricultural land, and severe water scarcity, there is an urgent need to enhance crop yield per unit area. Consequently, the adoption of innovative methods to boost rice production has become in dispensable. Relying solely on low-yielding native varieties is no longer feasible. Hybrid rice technology has proven to be highly effective in increasing rice yield. This study evaluated 34 rice genotypes using two SSR molecular markers linked to the restorer genes Rf3 and Rf4.
 
Materials and Methods
In this study, 34 F1 genotypes (resulting from crosses between two genetic male-sterile lines, Jelodar A and Neda A, and 13 tenth-generation mutant lines, including Dast, Nemat, Pazhuhesh, Sepidrood, and Damsiah, as well as four foreign restorer lines) were cultivated in the research farm of the Tabarestan Agricultural Genetics and Biotechnology Research Center from 2018 to 2019 in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Superior hybrids with high performance were selected and evaluated for their physicochemical properties. Two SSR markers linked to the main genes Rf3 (marker RM 3148) and Rf4 (marker RM 171) were used to identify restorer genes. Grain quality traits, including amylose content, gelatinization temperature, grain elongation after cooking, gel consistency, grain size and shape, and rice aroma after cooking, were measured.
 
Results
Results of the mean comparison of morphological traits of the progenies showed that the highest fertility and yield belonged to hybrids H33, H30, H29, H28, and H27, which were the result of crosses (H28: IR 68078-15-2-1-2-2-R/Neda A), (H27: IR 68078-15-2-1-2-2-R/Jelodar A), (H29: IR 65622-151-1-2-2-2-R/Jelodar A), (H30: IR 65622-151-1-2-2-2-R/Neda A), and (H33: NSIC RC 434/Jelodar A), respectively. The results of the mean comparison showed a significant difference in all traits, and hybrid H29 (3.423.33) had the highest aroma among the check varieties. The dendrogram obtained from cluster analysis showed that hybrid H33, along with the Fajar quality variety, was placed in the first group and was recognized as the best hybrid with superior quality in terms of grain length after cooking (12.15), breakage rate (4.64), and aroma (5.922.00). The SSR molecular markers RM 171 and RM 3148, linked to the restorer genes Rf4 and Rf3 for the selection of superior hybrids, showed that the RM 3148 marker for hybrids resulting from crosses between the parental varieties IR 68078-15-2-1-2-2-R, IR 65622-151-1-2-2-2-R, and IR 86403-5-5-2-1-1-1-1-1R with the male-sterile line Jelodar A had a banding pattern similar to the restorer check. Hybrids H27, H29, and H33 also had both banding patterns, i.e., they were heterozygous, and as a result, this marker probably had the Rf3rf3 gene. The RM 171 marker showed the probable presence of the Rf4 gene in varieties IR 68078-15-2-1-2-2-R and IR 65622-151-1-2-2-2-R, and their hybrids also expressed this gene in a heterozygous manner.
 
Conclusion
Of the identified restorer varieties, including IR 68078-15-2-1-2-2-R, IR 65622-151-1-2-2-2-R, and IR 86403-5-5-2-1-1-1-1-1R, can be used in hybrid rice breeding programs to achieve high-yielding progenies.
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Volume 17, Issue 2
February 2026
Pages 49-68

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