Evaluation of Morphological Variation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Oil Content of Thymus daenensis Celak Populations

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Ph.D. Student, Department of Horticulture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

3 M.Sc. Graduate, Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Thymus daenensis Celak is one of the most important medicinal plants and endemic species in Iran which has a large dispersion and wide distribution in the highlands of the Zagros Mountains. In this study, diversity of morphological traits and oil content (w/w) was evaluated among and within six natural habitats with diverse climates (Mehran, Bijar, Shekarnab, Ghateralan, Ghiagh and Semirom) .Beside, factors affecting on essential oil yield were determined by path coefficients analysis. The results indicated significant variation among populations for morphological traits. Cluster analysis divided individual plants into four independent groups corresponding to their geographical origin. The mean oil content was varied between 1.53-4.28% among populations. Path coefficient analysis showed that, among studied traits, inflorescences length and leaf length had highest direct effect while, bract length and plant height had highest indirect effect on the percentage of oil. Finally among the studied populations, population of Ilamis was suitable to be used in breeding and domestication programs due to good growth performance, adaptability to stress conditions and within population variation.
ation.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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 Dewey, D. R. and Lu, K. H. 1959. A correlation and path-coefficient analysis of component of crested wheat grass seed production. Agronomy Journal, 51: 515-518.
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 Talle, B., Darvish, F., Mohammadi, A., Abbaszadeh, B. and Rohami, M. 2012. Assessment of relationship between effective traits on yield and compounds of essential oil and morphological traits of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.( accessions using path analysis and canonical correlation. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2 (4): 3719-3723.
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 Abousaber, M., Khanavi, M., Khoshchehreh, M., Hadjiakhoondi, A., Shams Ardekani, M. R. and Shafiee, A. 2012. Composition of the essential oils of Thymus deanensis Celak Var. deanensis from different regions of Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 11 (4): 34-39.
 Abu-Darwish, M. S., Abu Dieyeh, Z. H., Mufeed, B., Al-Tawaha, A. R. M. and Al-dalain, S. Y. A. 2009. Trace element contents and essential oil yields from wild thyme plant (Thymus serpyllum L.) grown at different natural variable environments, Jordan. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 17: 920-924.
 Avci, A. B. 2011. Chemical variation on the essential oil of Thymus praecox ssp. scorpilii var. Laniger. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 13: 607-610.
 Baser, K. H. C. 2002. Aromatic biodiversity among the flowering plant taxa of Turkey. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 74: 527-545.
 Bernath, J. 2002. Strategies and recent achievements in selection of medicinal and aromatic plants. Proc. Int. Cont. on MAP. Acta Horticulture, 576: 65-68.
 British pharmacopoeia. 1988. Vol. 2, London: HMSO, 137-138.
 Cristina, F. A., Barroso, J. G., Pedro, L. G. and Scheffer, J. J. C. 2008. Factors affecting secondary metabolite production in plants: volatile components and essential oils. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 23: 213-226.
 Daniel, P. L., Carlos, B. and Ratiana, D. 2003. Land suitability evaluation using a combination of exploratory data analysis with a geographic information system on sugar cane areas. Sugar Cane National Research Institute, Boyeros, Cuba.
 Dewey, D. R. and Lu, K. H. 1959. A correlation and path-coefficient analysis of component of crested wheat grass seed production. Agronomy Journal, 51: 515-518.
 Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Rahimmalek, M., Malekpoor, F. and Karimi, A. 2011. Variation in antibacterial activity, thymol and carvacrol contents of wild populations of Thymus daenensis subsp. daenensis Celak. Plant Omics Journal, 4 (4): 209-214.
 Hadian, J., Mirjalili, M. H., Kanani, M. R., Salehnia, A. and Ganjipoor, P. 2011: Phytochemical and morphological characterization of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad populations from Iran. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 8: 1-15.
 Javadi, H, Hesamzadeh Hejazi, S. M. and Babayev, M. Sh. 2009. Karyotypic studies of three Thymus (Lamiaceae) species and populations in Iran. Caryologia, 62 (4): 316-325.
 Karimi, E., Ghasemnezhad, A. and Hadian, J. 2012. Morphological characters associated with essential oil content of satureja mutica using path analysis. National Congress on Medicinal Plants. Kish Island. pp 508.
 Letchamo, W., Hi, X. U. and Gosselin, A. 1995. Variations inphotosynthesis and essential oil in thyme. Journal Plant Physiology, 147: 29-37.
 Mahdavi, S. and Karimzadeh, G. 2010. Karyological and nuclear DNA content variation in some Iranian endemic Thymus Species (Lamiaceae). Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 12: 447-458.
 Mirzaie Nodoushan, M., Rezaie, B. and Jaimand, K. 2001. Path analysis of the essential oil-related characters in Mentha spp. Flavor and Fragrance Journal, 16: 340-343.
 Nouri, H. and Esmaeilian, Y. 2012. Essential oil, phenolic compounds and antioxidantactivity of Thymus daenensis Celak. at different harvesttimes. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6 (10): 2051-2055.
 Ortiz, J. and longie, H. 1997. Path analysis and ideotyps for plant breeding. Agronomy Journal, 89: 988-994.
 Rahimmalek, M., Bahreininejad, B., Khorrami, M. and Sayed Tabatabaei, B. E. 2009. Genetic variability and geographical differentiation in Thymus daenensis subsp. daenensis Cleak, an endangered aromatic and medicinal plant as revealed by Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Biochemical Genetics, 47: 831-842.
 Rustaiee, A. R., Hassani, M. E., Fakhr Tabatabaei, S. M. and Omidbaigi, R. 2010. Evaluation of genetic diversity among some populations of Thymus daenensis Celak., a vulnerable medicinal plant from Iran. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 51 (4): 335-342.
 Rustaiee, A. R., Sefidkon, F., Fakhr Tabatabaei, S. M., Omidbaigi, R. and Mirahmadi, S. F. 2011. Chemical polymorphism of essential oils from five populations of Thymus daenensis Celak. subsp. daenensis endemic to Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 23 (3): 6-11.
 Rechinger, K. H. 1982. Flora Iranica. Vol. 152, Graz: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt. 547-548.
 Stahl-Biskup, E. and Saez, F. 2002. Thyme, The genus Thymus. Taylor & Francis, 330 p.
 Sefidkon, F., Kalvandi, R., Atri, M. and Barazandeh, M. M. 2005. Essential oil variability of Thymus eriocalyx (Ronninger) Jalas. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 20 (5): 521-524
 Talle, B., Darvish, F., Mohammadi, A., Abbaszadeh, B. and Rohami, M. 2012. Assessment of relationship between effective traits on yield and compounds of essential oil and morphological traits of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.(accessions using path analysis and canonical correlation. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2 (4): 3719-3723.
 Teimouri, M. 2012. Antimicrobial activity and essential oil composition of Thymus daenensis Celak from Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6 (4): 631-635.
 Thompson, J. D., Manicacci, D. and Tarayre, M. 1998. Thirty-five years of thyme: a tale of two polymorphisms. Why so many females? Why so many chemotypes? BioScience, 48: 805-815.
 Thompson, J. D. 2002. Population structure and the spatialdynamics of genetic polymorphism in thyme, In: Thyme: The Genus Thymus (Eds. Stahl-Biskup, E. and Sáez, F.), 44-74. Taylor and Francis, London and New York.
 Ziaei Nasab, M., Hesamzadeh Hejazi, S. M., Bihamta, M. R., Mirza, M. and Naderi-Shahab, M. A. 2012. Assessment of karyotypical variation among 16 populations of Thymus daenensis Celak and Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. species in Iran. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11 (5): 1028-1036.
 
Volume 8, Issue 1
June 2016
Pages 41-56

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