Allelopathic Effect of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) Extract on Germination Properties and Enzymes Activity in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Document Type : Short Communication

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production, Bardsir Higher Education Center for Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

2 Assistant Professor , Department of Plant Production, Bardsir Higher Education Center for Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

3 Expert, Department of Plant Production, Bardsir Higher Education Center for Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

Abstract

In order to investigate allelopathic effects of aqueous licorice leaf and root extract on germination properties and some enzymes activity of wheat and chickpea seedlings, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 3 replications was conducted out in Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman laboratory in 2017. Treatments were leaf and root extracts of licorice (25%, 50%, 75% w/v) and distilled water as a control. Increasing leaf extracts concentration caused the greatest reduction in germination percentage and rate (97.2% and 97.3%) of wheat, and root and stem length (92.2% and 67.8%) of chickpea. Meanwhile, increasing root extracts concentration caused the greatest reduction in germination percentage and rate (56.6% and 74.8%) of wheat, and root and stem length (93.6% and 66.7%) in chickpea. Although the malondialdehyde concentrations of wheat and chickpea seedlings were significantly increased (66.3% and 24.2% in wheat and chickpea affected with leaf extract, and 63.1% and 15.8% in wheat and chickpea affected with root extract, respectively), wheat seedling showed higher sensitivity. Catalase activity showed significant decrease in treatments (91% and 46% in wheat and chickpea affected with leaf extract, and 95% and 54% in wheat and chickpea affected with root extract, respectively). This enzyme activity showed more decline in wheat than chickpea. These results also indicated that the leaves aqueous extract has more allelopathic inhibitory effects than the roots.

Keywords


فرهودی، ر. 1393. اثر محلول‌پاشی عصاره گلرنگ بر فعالیت گوایکول پراکسیداز و نشت‌پذیری غشا سلولی ماشک گل خوشه‌ای. نشریه
زراعت (پژوهش و سازندگی)، 102: 53-45.
Bais, H. P., Walker, T. S., Frank, R., Stermitz, A., Ruth, F., Hufbouer, A. and Vivance, J. M. 2002. EnantiomericDependent phytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of (±) catechin: A rhizosecreted racemic mixture from spotted knapweed. Plant Physiology, 128: 1173-1179.
Balestrasse, K. B., Gardey, L., Gallego, S. M. and Tomaro, M. L. 2001. Response of antioxidant defense system in soybean nodules and roots subjected to cadmium stress. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 28: 497-504.
Beers, R. F. and Sizer, I. 1952. A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase. The Journal of Biochemistry, 195: 133-140.
Bradford, M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 72: 248-254.
Ghahraman, A. 1999. Basic Botany: Anatomy and Morphology. University of Tehran Press. pp: 539.
Heath, R. L. and Packer, L. 1968. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125: 189-198.
Hossein Zadeh, M., Kiarostami, K., Ilkhani Zadeh, M. and Saboora, A. 2009. A study on allelopathic compounds derived from Hordeum spontaneum on carbohydrates, proteins and some enzymes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Iranain Journal of Biology, 22: 392-406.
Kamal, J. 2011. Impact of allelopathy of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) roots extract on physiology of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). African Journal of Biotechnology, 10: 14465-14477.
Khanahmadi, M. M., Naghdi Badi, H., Akhondzadeh, S., Khalighi-Sigaroodi, F., Mehrafarin, A. and Shahriari, S. 2013. A Review on medicinal plant of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2: 1-12.
Oracz, K., Bailly, C., Gniazdowska, A., Come, D., Corbineau, D. and Bogatek, R. 2007. Induction of oxidative stress by sunflower phytotoxins in germinating mustard Seeds. Journal of Chemichal Ecology, 33: 251-264.
Qasem, J. R. 1992. Pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) interference in transplanted tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum). Journal of horticulture Science, 67: 421-428.
Seigler, D. S. 1996. Chemistry and mechanism of allelopathic interaction. Agronomy Journal, 88: 876-885.
Soltanipoor, M., Moradshahi, A., Rezaei, M., Kholdebarin, B., Barazandeh, M. 2006. Allelopathic effects of essential oils of Zhumeria majdae on Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Tomatto (Lycopersicon esculentum). Iranian Journal of Biology, 19: 19-28.