بررسی و مقایسه ترکیبات اسانس 5 گونه مختلف بابونه رومی (Anthemis) استان کردستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه گیاهان دارویی، مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه گیاهان دارویی، مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

بابونه جنس Anthemis به‌عنوان یک گیاه دارویی مهم حاوی اسانس می‌باشد. در پژوهش حاضر برای اولین بار ترکیبات اسانس پنج گونه مختلف بابونه شامل بابونه زرد (Anthemis tinctoria)، شفاف (A. hyalina)، آناتولی (A. wiedemanniana)، شیرازی
(A. pseudocotula) و زاگرسی و سوری (A. haussknechtii) که از رویشگاه‌های طبیعی استان کردستان جمع‌آوری شده بودند،
موردارزیابی قرار گرفت. اسانس‌گیری از گیاهان خشک شده با دستگاه کلونجر انجام شد و درصد اسانس گونه‌ها محاسبه شد. شناسایی ترکیبات اسانس با دستگاه کروماتوگرافی متصل به طیف‌نگار جرمی (GC/MS) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که بین گونه‌های مختلف بابونه از نظر درصد اسانس و نوع ترکیبات اسانس تفاوت وجود دارد. درصد اسانس بین گونه‌ها از 0.02 تا 0.15 متغیر می‌باشد که بیشترین آن مربوط به بابونه شفاف (0.15 درصد) و سپس بابونه آناتولی (0.08 درصد) است. طبق نتایج حاصل، 14 ترکیب در اسانس بابونه زرد، 18 ترکیب در اسانس بابونه شفاف، 17 ترکیب در اسانس بابونه آناتولی، 16 ترکیب در اسانس بابونه شیرازی و 17 ترکیب در اسانس بابونه زاگرسی و سوری مشاهده گردید. ترکیبات کامفور، گاما- ادیسمول، بتا-میرسن، کریزانتنیل استات، ترپینین 4- ال، 8،1-سینئول و تیمول مقادیر بیش‌تری را به خود اختصاص دادند. بیش‌ترین درصد اسانس مربوط به کامفور می‌باشد که در بابونه آناتولی (53.57 درصد) مشاهده شد. تجزیه خوشه‌ای گونه‌ها را به 2 گروه تقسیم نمود که گونه بابونه آناتولی به‌تنهایی در یک گروه مجزا قرار گرفت. طبق این نتایج، بابونه آناتولی به‌دلیل داشتن میزان بیش‌تر ترکیبات اسانس بخصوص کامفور برتر بوده و می‌تواند در صنایع دارویی، غذایی و برنامه‌های به‌نژادی مورداستفاده قرار گیرد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation and Comparison of Essential oil Components in 5 Species of Anthemis in Kurdistan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zainab Rashidi 1
  • Roghayeh Najafzadeh 2
1 MSc Student. Department of Medicinal Plants, Higher Education Center Shahid Bakeri Miyandoab, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Medicinal Plants, Higher Education Center Shahid Bakeri Miyandoab, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

 
Introduction
Essential oils from medicinal plants are widely used as flavoring agents as well as herbal medicines. Anthemis is an important medicinal plant that the essential oil is its active ingredient. Evaluattion of plant chararcteristics and identification of superior species is important to be used in pharmaceutical industry and breeding programs.
 
Materials and Methods
In this study, the essential oil components of five different Anthemis species such as: A. tinctoria, A. hyalina,
A. wiedemanniana, A. pseudocotula and A. haussknechtii were evaluated for the first time, in order to better understanding the characteristics of Anthemis species. To do this, plants shoots with flowers were collected at flowering time during 2017 from five natural habits of Kurdistan province including Baneh-Sevenj, Seghez-Malgharani, Saheb-Seyedabad, Marivan-Musk and Sanandaj-the beginning of the road of Marian. The essential oils were extracted from dried plants using Klevenger with distilled water for five hours and their percentage was calculated. Then the essential oil components were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
 
Results and Discussion
The results showed that there was difference among the different Anthemis species in terms of essential oil percentage and components. Essential oil percentage was from 0.02 to 0.15%, most of which was related to A. hyaline (0.15%) and A. setacea (0.08%), respectively. According to the results, 14 components in A. tinctoria, 18 components in A. hyaline, 17 components in A. wiedemanniana, 16 components in A. pseudocotula and 17 components in A. haussknechtii, were identified. The components camphor, gama-Eudesmol, beta-Myrcene, chrysanthenyl acetate, 1,8-cineole, Terpinine-4-ol and Thymol were the highest amount. The highest essential oil percentage was related to the camphor component that was observed in A. wiedemanniana (53.57%). Cluster analysis divided the specied in two groups that A. wiedemanniana was alone in a separated group.
 
Conclusions
According to the results, the species of A. wiedemanniana due to the high amount of essential oils specially camphor is superior and can be used in pharmaceutical, food and perfumery industry and breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Essential oil
  • Anthemis wiedemanniana
  • Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS)
  • Camphor

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دوفصلنامه فنآوری تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 16، شماره 1
مرداد 1403
صفحه 77-88

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