تأثیر چند کشتی هم‌زمان برخی از بقولات و کاربرد سطوح کود اوره بر کارایی زراعی نیتروژن در ذرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد نراق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نراق، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد فراهان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فراهان، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد فراهان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فراهان، ایران

چکیده

یکی از روش‌­های مناسب جهت رسیدن به تولید و کشاورزی پایدار، افزایش تنوع‌بخشی در کشت است. در این راستا، کشت توام گیاهان لگوم با غلات بسیار مورد تأکید قرار گرفته‌است. جهت بررسی مقادیر اوره و چند کشتی هم­زمان لگوم­ها بر کارایی زراعی نیتروژن، آزمایش فاکتوریل براساس بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی اراک در سال 1392 انجام شد. عامل اول کود اوره (شاهد، مصرف 75، 150 و 225 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عامل دوم چند کشتی هم­زمان (شاهد، کاشت ذرت + نخود، ذرت + لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی و ذرت + ماش سبز) بود. خصوصیاتی نظیر طول پانیکول، مساحت برگ بلال، ارتفاع غلاف‌­دهی بقولات، شاخص باروری ذرت، عملکرد دانه بقولات، عملکرد پروتئین ذرت، تعداد دانه ذرت + بقولات در مترمربع و کارایی زراعی نیتروژن مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. کاربرد اوره بر وزن خشک ساقه و برگ­های ذرت، ارتفاع غلاف­دهی بقولات، شاخص باروری ذرت، عملکرد دانه بقولات، عملکرد پروتئین ذرت، تعداد دانه ذرت + بقولات در مترمربع و کارایی زراعی نیتروژن معنی‌­دار بود. هم‌چنین اثر تیمار چند کشتی هم­زمان نیز بر سطح برگ بلال، ارتفاع غلاف­دهی بقولات، عملکرد دانه بقولات و کارایی زراعی نیتروژن معنی­‌دار بود. بالاترین و پایین‌ترین میانگین کارایی زراعی نیتروژن ذرت و بقولات با میانگین 10.19 و 0.22 کیلوگرم بر مترمربع مربوط به تیمار 75 کیلوگرم کود اوره + کشت هم­زمان ذرت و نخود و تیمار 225 کیلوگرم کود اوره + کشت هم­زمان ذرت و لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی بود. با افزایش مصرف کود اوره، کارایی زراعی نیتروژن کاهش یافت. به­طوری­که کم­ترین کارایی زراعی نیتروژن با مصرف 225 کیلوگرم کود اوره به‌­دست آمد. در بین گیاهان خانواده لگوم، چند کشتی همزمان ذرت و نخود از نظر کارایی زراعی نیتروژن نسبت‌به چند کشتی همزمان لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی و ماش از برتری محسوسی برخوردار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Simultaneous Cropping With Some of Legumes and Different Levels of Urea Application on Nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency in Corn

نویسندگان [English]

  • Smaeel Alibakhshi 1
  • Mohammad Mirzakhani 2
  • Alireza Dadian 3
1 MSc Graduated Student, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Naragh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Naragh, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Farahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Farahan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Farahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Farahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Mixed cultivation of plants is one of the most important scientific methods to help maintain the balance of the living system of the soil and to improve the fertility of the soil. Using the method of growing pulses and grains is one of the factors that improves soil fertility. An increase in the antioxidant compounds of corn in culture with soybeans compared to single culture has been reported. In a study, the cultivation of one-year alfalfa and corn compared to its pure cultivation caused an increase of 10.52% in corn protein. In a research, the most fodder and dry corn (67 and 14.94 tons) was produced from the cultivation of 100% corn + 100% alfalfa. One of the optimal methods of weed control is living plant mulch. In a research, living mulch (flowering mallow, holly and barsim clover) had a significant effect on the growth of corn and weeds. The least amount of weeds was observed in the presence of the cover plant of Bersim clover. Nitrogen plays an important role in the structure of proteins, enzymes and cytochromes. Consumption of 184 kg of nitrogen increased the yield of one ton of corn grain. According to the increase of nitrogen application in corn cultivation up to 200 kg, the protein percentage improves from 10.38 to 11.73 percent. To study of nitrogen agronomic efficiency of corn and some of legumes in simultaneous cropping with different levels of urea application.
 Materials and methods
A factorial arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Urea manure levels [N0= without urea (Control), consumption of urea N1= 75 Kg ha-1, N2= 150 Kg ha-1, N3= 225 Kg ha-1) and Simultaneous cropping treatment, (S1= Cultivation of corn, S2= Cultivation of corn + chickpea, S3= Cultivation of corn + cowpea, S4= Cultivation of corn + mung bean) were assigned in plots. In this study characteristics such as: panicule length, dry weight of stem and leaves, surface of ear leaf, height of poding in legumes, productivity index of plant, grain yield of legumes, protein yield of corn, number of corn + legumes grain per m-2 and nitrogen agronomy efficiency of corn + legumes were assessed.
 
 Results and discussion
Results indicated that the effect of different levels of urea on the characteristics such as: dry weight of corn stem and leaves, height of poding in legumes, corn productivity index, grain yield of legumes, protein yield of corn, number of corn + legumes grain per m-2 and nitrogen agronomy efficiency of corn+legumes was significant. Effect of Simultaneous cropping treatment on the characteristics such as: surface of ear leaf, height of poding in legumes, grain yield of legumes and nitrogen agronomy efficiency of corn + legumes was significant, too. The maximum and minimum of nitrogen agronomy efficiency (10.19 and 0.22 Kg Kg -1) were obtained with the (75 Kg ha-1 urea + Simultaneous cropping of chickpea and corn) and (225 Kg ha-1 urea + Simultaneous cropping of corn and cowpea) treatments, respectively.
 
Conclusions
With the increase in urea fertilizer consumption, the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen decreased.  Urea, nitrogen agronomic efficiency decreased. So, the lowest agronomic efficiency of nitrogen was obtained with the consumption of 225 kg of urea fertilizer. Among the plants of the leguminous family, corn and chickpeas at the same time had a noticeable advantage in terms of nitrogen agricultural efficiency compared to the eye-bean and mung bean at the same time.Simultaneous multi-planting of leguminous plants (nitrogen fixation capability) with other crops, while reducing the consumption of chemical fertilizers, can be recommended to achieve sustainable agriculture

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Protein yield
  • Mung bean
  • Chickpea
  • Legum
  • Cowpea

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دوفصلنامه فنآوری تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 16، شماره 2
دی 1403
صفحه 115-124

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