اثر تنش سرما بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی در جمعیت‌های مختلف نرگس شیراز (Narcissus tazetta)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

2 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

4 مربی، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

گل نرگس یکی از مهم‌‌ترین گیاهان زینتی و دارویی از خانواده‌ نرگسیان می‌باشد. سرما یکی از تنش‌های غیرزیستی است که همه‌ساله خسارات قابل‌توجهی را به اقتصاد و چرخه تولید کشور تحمیل می‌کند. آزمایشی به‌­صورت فاکتوریل  با دو فاکتور در قالب طرح کاملاٌ تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند طی سال‌های 99-1398 انجام شد. فاکتور A شامل 13 اکوتیپ‌ نرگس (آزادشهر، شهلای ‌شمال، شصت‌پر شمال، ‌شیراز یک، ‌شیراز دو، ‌یاسوج، کوچک‌عطری یاسوج، ‌طبس، خوسف یک، ‌خوسف‌ دو، ‌بهبهان‌ یک، ‌بهبهان‌ دو و ‌گچساران) و فاکتور B شامل چهار سطح دمایی (شاهد (دمای محیط)، مثبت پنج، صفر و منفی پنج درجه سانتی‌گراد) بود. صفات پتانسیل اسمزی، پرولین، مالون دی‌آلدئید، قندهای محلول، فنل و درصد سرمازدگی اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان‌داد که با کاهش دما کلیه صفات افزایش می‌یابند. پتانسیل اسمزی و پرولین مهم‌ترین صفات تأثیرگذار بر سرمازدگی بودند. اکوتیپ‌های یاسوج، طبس‌گلشن، شیراز یک، کوچک عطری یاسوج، شصت‌پر شمال و آزادشهر حساس‌، اکوتیپ‌های خوسف دو و گچساران مقاوم و اکوتیپ‌های شهلای شمال، شیراز دو، بهبهان دو، خوسف دو و بهبهان یک اکوتیپ‌هایی حد واسط در مقاومت به سرمازدگی شناخته شدند. به‌­طورکلی، اکوتیپ گچساران مقاوم‌ترین و اکوتیپ طبس‌گلشن حساس‌ترین اکوتیپ نسبت‌به سرمازدگی شناخته‌شد. توصیه می‌گردد که مقدار تنش در مراحل مختلف رشد گیاه بررسی و آنتی­اکسیدان­‌ها و متابولیت‌های دیگر نیز مدنظر قرار گیرد. محققینی که علاقمند به تحقیق در زمینه تنش سرما هستند، حتما اکوتیپ‌ها (گچساران مقاوم و طبس گلشن حساس) و صفات مهم‌ شناسایی‌شده (پتانسل اسمزی و پرولین) در این مطالعه را بیشتر مورد واکاوی قرار دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Cold Stress on Some Physiological Traits in Different Populations of Narcissus Tazetta

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Zabet 1
  • Forough Najafi 2
  • Zohreh Alizadeh 3
  • Masoud Khazaie 4
1 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment ,University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
2 Former Master of Student, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment ,University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
3 Assistant Professor. Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment ,University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
4 Instructor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment ,University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Iran has a wealth of flowers and wild plants and has valuable genetic resources. The Narcissus flower, known as the Narcissus tazetta, is considered one of the most important ornamental and medicinal plants from the family of Narcissus tazetta in temperate regions. The cold is one of the abiotic stresses that cause significant damage to the country's economy and production cycle every year, and most plants in temperate regions cannot successfully withstand freezing temperatures. To obtain a resistant plant, the most effective approach is to investigate and explore the genetic resource of plants that are cold-tolerant. The objective of this study was to investigate the cold tolerance of various populations collected from various parts of Iran.
 
Materials and methods
This research was carried out in the molecular plant breeding laboratory and greenhouse of the Plant Production and Genetics Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand during 2018-2019. The factor A was included 13 narcissus populations (Azadshahr, Shehlai Shomal, Shastpar Shomal, Shiraz 1, Shiraz 2, Yasouj, Yasouj small perfume, Tabase Golshan, Khusf 1, Khusf 2, Behbahan 1, Behbahan 2 and Gachsaran) and the factor B was included four temperature levels (environment temperature= control, +5, zero and -5 °C). Five leaves were taken from each pot and placed in a refrigerator at temperatures +5°C, 0°C, and -5°C for 5 hours. The measured traits included relative leaf water content, ion leakage, amount of chlorophyll a (mg/gr FW), chlorophyll b (mg/gr FW), total chlorophyll (mg/gr FW), carotenoid (mg/gr FW), chlorophyll a / total chlorophyll, total chlorophyll/carotenoid and percent of chilling stress. Data analysis was performed using the statistical software SAS9.4, Excelv2010, and SPSSv26. Mean comparisons were conducted using Duncan's Multiple Range test, correlation analysis by the Pearson method, and cluster analysis based on the mean traits in both stress and normal environments. It is worth noting that the mean values for the treatments at +5°C, 0°C, and -5°C were considered as stress conditions, while environment temperature was regarded as the normal environment.
 
Results and discussion
The analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference in all traits except for the amount of phenol and malondialdehyde among different archetypes. The temperature had a significant effect on all traits, and population-temperature interactions were significant in all traits except malondialdehyde and total soluble sugars. The highest value of osmotic potential (in the negative direction), the amount of phenol, malondialdehyde, proline and total soluble sugars in treatment 4 (-5°C) and the lowest value of these traits in treatment 1 (the control treatment or environment temperature, 22°C) were observed, respectively. The highest and the lowest of chilling stress percent were observed during February and December, respectively. In other words, with the decrease in temperature, the amount of the aforementioned traits and the Chilling stress percent increased. The correlation and regression analysis revealed that the proline trait was the most significant factor that contributed to Chilling stress in both normal and stress conditions. The cluster analysis grouped the populations in three clusters in both normal (environment temperature) and stress (three temperature treatments +5, zero and -5) conditions. The populations Yasouj, Tabase Golshan, Shiraz1, small aromatic of Yasouj, Shastpar Shomal, Azadshahr and Khosuf1, Gachsaran, and Shehlai Shomal, Shiraz2, Behbahan2, Khosf2, Behbahan1 were placed in the first, second and third clusters, respectively. Cluster analysis revealed that populations with similar chilling stress  percent were clustered together, and geographical proximity and closeness were not related to this issue.
 
Conclusion
In this study, with decreasing temperature, amounts of evaluated traits increased, which was known as one of the methods of cold tolerance in narcissus. The proline trait was more important than other traits, and therefore its measurement is suggested in future studies related to cold in Narcissus. In the context of cold resistance, the populations Khusf 1, and Gachsaran were the best and the populations Yasouj, Tabase-Golshan, Shiraz1, small aromatic Yasouj, Shastpar Shomal, and Azadshahr were the worst populations, respectively. The populations of Shehlai Shomal, Shiraz 2, Behbahan 2, Khusf 2 and Behbahan 1 were recognized as intermediate populations. Based on all analyses, the Gachsaran population was the most resistant population, while the Tabase-Golshan population was the most susceptible population in this investigation. The examination of populations showed that there was enough diversity among these populations, and the cold resistance of populations varied across regions. Due to the increasing importance of medicinal plants and ornamental flowers and climate variability, it is recommended that this test be done in different years, temperatures and environments to determine the superior population. Furthermore, the population Gachsaran (resistant) and Tabase-Golshan (sensitive) and the traits osmotic potential and proline (important identified in this study) to be further analyzed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Osmotic Potential
  • Proline
  • Soluble Sugars
  • Malondialdehyde

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دوفصلنامه فنآوری تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 16، شماره 2
دی 1403
صفحه 141-159

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