طرح‌ریزی برنامه تناوب زراعی سیب‌زمینی براساس برخی ملاحظات زیست‌محیطی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کوتاه پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه علمی کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علمی کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

10.22084/ppt.2025.30250.2145

چکیده

سیب‌­زمینی، بعد از گندم، برنج و ذرت چهارمین گیاه مهم از نظر امنیت غذایی است. تناوب زراعی نیز نقش مهمی در دستیابی به حداکثر عملکرد محصول دارد. برای افزایش عملکرد غده سیب­زمینی، گیاهان یولاف، باقلا، جو، سیب­زمینی، ذرت، کانولا، یونجه و گندم برای قرار گرفتن در تناوب پیشنهاد شده‌­اند. با این‌­حال، قرارگیری این گیاهان در تناوب زراعی با سیب­‌زمینی تنها ناظر به افزایش محصول بوده است و اثرات زیست‌­محیطی گیاهان موردتوجه قرار نگرفته است؛ بنابراین، در مطالعه حاضر اثرات زیست­‌محیطی هشت گیاه زراعی پیشنهاد‌شده مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت تا بهترین گیاهان برای قرارگیری در تناوب زراعی با سیب­‌زمینی با درنظر گرفتن تأثیر آن‌ها بر سلامت انسان، منابع محیطی و اکوسیستم‌­ها معرفی شود. بدین­‌منظور، اثرات زیست­‌محیطی گیاهان فوق با استفاده از نرم­‌افزار سیماپرو (Vr 9.5) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. بیشترین خسارت وارده به سلامت انسان توسط کانولا و سپس گندم و باقلا ایجاد شد. این در حالی است که یونجه، کم‌ترین سطح خسارت به سلامت انسان (18/93 درصد کمتر از کانولا) را داشت. کانولا، همچنین، بیش‌ترین سطح خسارت به اکوسیستم­‌ها را نیز ایجاد کرد. اثر هر هشت گیاه بر مصرف منابع محیطی، ناچیز بود. به‌­طورکلی، با درنظر گرفتن هر سه طبقه خسارت (سلامت انسان، اکوسیستم­ها و منابع محیطی) کانولا، نامناسب‌­ترین گیاه برای قرارگیری در تناوب زراعی با سیب‌­زمینی است و کم‌ترین خسارت به یونجه، یولاف و سیب­زمینی اختصاص داشت. بر این اساس، می‌توان یک برنامه تناوب زراعی چهارساله را به‌­صورت (سیب­زمینی، یونجه، سیب‌­زمینی، ذرت) برای به حداقل رساندن خسارات زیست‌­محیطی پیشنهاد نمود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Scheduling a Crop Rotation Program for Potato Based On Some Environmental Considerations

نویسندگان [English]

  • kamyar kazemi 1
  • Hamdollah Eskandari 2
1 Assistant professor, Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Potato, as the fourth most important food crop in the world after rice, wheat and maize, play a crucial role in global food security. Monoculture of potato is an important obstacle for achieving high tuber yield. In other words, when potato is successively planted, continuous cropping is occurred, resulting in poor growth and development and low tuber yield and quality. Crop rotation, defining as growing a series of unrelated crops sequentially over time on the same land, is an agronomical method for increasing yield. For achieving positive effects of crop rotation, crops involved in rotation must be carefully selected. Impacts of crop rotation on potato yield and quality may be a function of the rotational crops. To increase the yield of potato tuber, plants including oat, fava bean, barley, potato, maize, canola, alfalfa and wheat have been suggested to be in crop rotation with potato. However, in the arrangement of these plants in crop rotations, only the increase in tuber production has been considered and the environmental impacts of these plants have not been taken into account. Therefore, in this study it has been tried to find out and suggest the best plants (among the eight plants whose positive effects on the yield of potato tubers have been confirmed) for crop rotation with potato (in a four-year period) based on their impacts on human health, ecosystems, and environmental resources.
 
Materials and Methods
Impact analysis of crops on human health, ecosystems and resources was carried out using SimaPro vr 9.5.0. Method used for comparison was ReCiPe 2016 endpoint (H) V1.08/world (2010) H/A/characterization. The environmental damage data of plants was calculated based on the production of one kg of plants.
 
Results and Discussion
Regarding human health, canola caused the greatest damage followed by wheat and fava bean. The lowest damaged belonged to alfalfa which was 93.18% lower than that of canola. Canola also had highest negative impact on ecosystems followed by fava bean and oat. The results revealed that the impact of all eight crops on resources was negligible (lower than 1.0 mPt). However, canola damage to resources was higher than that of the rest crops. In general, regarding all three damage categories, canola is the most unsuitable plant for crop rotation with potatoes, while the lowest damage belonged to alfalfa, oats and potato. Therefore, a four-year crop rotation based on the lowest damage to human health, ecosystems and environmental resources can be suggested as follow: Potato- alfalfa- potato- oat.
 
Conclusion
Therefore, a four-year crop rotation based on the lowest damage to human health, ecosystems and environmental resources can be suggested as follow: Potato- alfalfa- potato- oat.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecosystem
  • Environmental Resources
  • Human Health
  • Tuber Yield
Amini, R., Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nasab, A. and Mahdavi, S. (2017). Effect of organic fertilizers in combination with chemical fertilizer on tuber yield and some qualitative characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Journal of Agroecology, 9(3), 734-748. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22067/jag.v9i3.47608
Chapagain, A. K., Hoekstra, A, Y., Savenije, H. H. G. and Gautam, R. (2006). The water foot print of cotton consumption: An assessment of the impact of worldwide consumption of cotton products on the water resources in the cotton producing countries. Ecological Economics, 60(1), 186-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.11.027
Esfahani, S.M.J., Naderi Mahdei, K., Saadi, H. and Dourandish, A. (2018). Evaluate the Environmental Impact of Silage Corn Production in South Khorasan Province. Journal of Agroecology, 10(1), 281-298. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22067/jag.v10i1.60850
Gao, Z., Hu, Y., Han, M., Xu, J., Wang, X., Liu, L., Tang, Z., Jiao, W., Jin, R., Liu, M., Guan, Z. and Ma, Z. (2021). Effects of continuous cropping of sweet potatoes on the bacterial community structure in rhizospheric soil. BMC Microbiology, 21 (1), 102. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-021-02120-6
Hossein, H. Y., Aizpanah, A., Namdari, M. and Shirkhani, H. 2024. Environmental life cycle assessment of corn production in tropical regions. Scientific Reports, 14, 20036. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70923-4
Jiang, Y.,  Nyiraneza, J., Noronha, C.,  Mills, A., Murnaghan, D., Kostic, A. and Wyand, S. (2022). Nitrate leaching and potato tuber yield response to different crop rotations. Field Crops Research. 288, 108700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108700
Liu, Y., Li, Z., Li, Y., Liu, Z., Chen, F., Bi, Z., Sun, C., Tang, C., Yao, P., Yuan. A., Zhang,J., Gan, Y., Bai, J. and Zhang, X. (2023). Impact of extended dryland crop rotation on sustained potato cultivation in Northwestern China. Resources, Conservation & Recycling. 197, 107114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.107114
Nasrollahzadeh As, A. and Sedaghat, G. (2017). Effects of planting depth and irrigation disruption on yield and yield components in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Journal of Crop Science Research in Arid Regions. 1(1), (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/csrar.01.01.09
Payne, R.W. (2015). The design and analysis of long-term rotation experiments. Agronomy Journal. 107 (2), 772–785. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2012.0411
Taki, M., Soheili-Fard, F., Rohani, A., Chen, G. and Yildizhan, H. (2018). Life cycle assessment to compare the environmental impacts of different wheat production systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 191, 195-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.173
Qin, J., Bian, C., Duan, S., Wang, W., Li, G. and Jin, L. (2022). Effects of different rotation cropping systems on potato yield, rhizosphere microbial community and soil biochemical properties. Frontiers in Plant Science. 13, 999730. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.999730
Ramona, M. M., Volkmar, K., Doug, A., Derksen, A., Byron Irvine, R., Khakbazan, M., McLaren, D., Monreal, M.A., Moulin, A. P. and  Tomasiewicz, D. T. (2011). Effect of Rotation on Crop Yield and Quality in an Irrigated Potato System. American Journal of Potato Research. 88, 346-359. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s12230-011-9200-9