نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استاد گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، گرایش اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
2 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اهر، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
3 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
4 دانش‌آموخته گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، گرایش اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Effect of weeds management on seed and oil yield of spring safflower cv. Sofeh under rainfed conditions in East Azerbaijan region
Abstract
Introduction: Weeds compete with agricultural plants for nutrients, soil moisture, and sunlight, leading to a reduction in the yield of these crops. In addition to the use of herbicides as a chemical method for weed control, the application of mulch and cover crops are effective non-chemical methods for managing weeds. The present study was conducted with the aim of the effect of different weed control methods on the seed and oil yield of Sofeh spring Safflower.
Materials and methods: This experiment was conducted in 12 treatments in the form of a randomized complete block design with four replications. The experimental treatments consisted of 12 different approaches to weed management, including various herbicides, manual weeding, cover crops, and straw and stubble mulch. These treatments included: 1. Lack of weed control, 2. Hand weeding once in the rosette stage, 3. Cover plant Vicia ervilia, 4. Cover plant Vicia villosa, 5. V. ervilia and V. villosa cover plant, 6. Straw and stubble mulch, 7. Use of trifluralin herbicide, 8. Trifluralin + Haloxyfop-R-methyl, 9. Trifluralin + Phenmedipham, 10. Haloxyfop-R-methyl + Phenmedipham, 11. Twice manual weeding before stem elongation, 12. Complete weed control.
Results and discussion: There was a significant increase in seed yield and oil percentage, and the highest increase with 107% was obtained in the complete manual control of weeds. The highest increase in the number of seeds per plant (284.8) was obtained under the effect of full manual weed control treatment. The highest percentage of oil was obtained in the trifluralin + fenmedipham herbicide treatment compared to the absence of weed control. In the full manual control treatment, oil yield was higher compared to no weed control. The highest seed yield with 783.3 g/m2 was obtained in the complete manual control of weeds. According to the findings of this research, among the different methods of weed control, trifluralin herbicide + phenmedipham, haloxyfop R-methyl herbicide + phenmedipham, manual weeding twice before stem elongation, V. villosa + V. ervilia, straw and stubble mulch and complete manual control of weeds had a significant effect on yield. Weed control caused a significant increase in oil yield due to the increase in seed yield and oil percentage.
Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, straw and stubble mulch increased seed yield by 16.5%, while the cover crop of V. villosa + V. ervilia resulted in a 63.9% increase in the number of seeds. Additionally, a single manual weeding at the rosette stage, along with the cover crop of V. villosa and straw and stubble mulch, resulted in increases of 19%, 14.6%, and 13% in oil percentage, respectively. In this study, the oil percentage was one of the traits that exhibited the most significant changes in response to different weed control treatments, likely due to its sensitivity to various factors, including seed yield. Overall, complete weed control increased oil percentage by 36.2%, oil yield by 97.2%, seed yield by 107%, and the number of seeds per plant by 194%. However, the weight of one hundred seeds ultimately increased by only 7.3% as a result of the treatments, indicating that among the yield components, the most resistant and sensitive traits to weed competition are the weight of one hundred seeds and the number of seeds, respectively. To ensure the reliability of the results and for a more accurate assessment, it is recommended that the effects of the treatments be repeated in the second year. Furthermore, additional weed management strategies should be tested to introduce simple, cost-effective, and practical management methods to farmers instead of relying solely on herbicides. To better understand how weed control affects seed yield, oil yield, and other important agronomic traits of safflower, it is suggested that future studies also examine physiological traits. Given the significant effects of cover crops and mulch observed in other research, investigating the impact of various mulches at different quantities and exploring other effective cover crop species would be beneficial.
Acknowledgements: Thanks and appreciation are expressed to the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, for their sincere cooperation.
Keywords: Cover plants, Herbicide, Manual weeding, Straw and Stubble mulch.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
)