واکنش برخی صفات مورفولوژیکی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد لوبیا (Vigna sinensis L.) به محلول‌پاشی متانول در شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

10.22084/ppt.2025.30644.2152

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی واکنش برخی صفات مورفولوژیکی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد لوبیا چشم‌­بلبلی به محلول‌پاشی متانول تحت شرایط تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک­‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار طی تابستان سال 1400 در منطقه دزفول اجرا گردید. در این تحقیق تنش خشکی به‌صورت دور آبیاری در چهار سطح (آبیاری پس از 80، 110، 140 و 170 میلی­متر تبخیر) از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A، به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی و محلول‌پاشی مقادیر (صفر، 10، 20 و 30 درصد حجمی متانول) به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی بود. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که اعمال تنش خشکی به‌طور معنی‌­داری باعث کاهش ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد برگ در بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی و شاخص برداشت گردید که میزان این کاهش با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی بیشتر شد. درحالی‌که، تیمار محلول‌پاشی متانول بر تمامی صفات موردبررسی اثر مثبت و معنی­‌داری داشت و این تأثیر در محلول‌پاشی با 30 درصد حجمی متانول به حداکثر خود رسید. بر اساس مقایسه میانگین تیمارها بیش‌ترین میزان ارتفاع بوته (159/64 سانتی‌متر)، تعداد برگ در بوته (69/7 عدد)، تعداد غلاف در بوته (60 عدد)، تعداد دانه در غلاف (12/6 عدد)، وزن صد دانه (20/01 گرم)، عملکرد دانه (2260 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد بیولوژیکی (4712 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و شاخص برداشت (48 درصد) به محلول­‌پاشی 30 درصد حجمی متانول در شرایط آبیاری پس از 80 میلی‌متر تبخیر و کم‌ترین مقادیر آن‌ها به ترکیب تیماری عدم محلول‌­پاشی متانول (شاهد) در شرایط آبیاری پس از 170 میلی‌متر تبخیر تعلق داشت. بنابراین، می‌­توان کاربرد 30 درصد حجمی متانول را به‌عنوان برترین تیمار متانول در تعدیل اثر منفی تنش خشکی بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی توصیه نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Reaction of Some Morphological Traits, Yield and Yield Components of Cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) to Methanol Foliar Application under Drought Stress Conditions

نویسنده [English]

  • Hassan Nouriyani
Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

 
Drought stress is one of the major issues in reducing plant yield, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This stress induces various physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses in crops as a survival mechanism, and it limits their production more than any other environmental factor. Also, drought stress can damage photosynthesis in crops and reduce growth, development, and grain yield. One of the important strategies for increasing the concentration of CO2 in plants is the use of alcoholic compounds such as methanol, which can increase the concentration of CO2 in the plant and help its photosynthesis and growth under drought stress conditions. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the response of some morphological traits, yield, and yield components of cowpea to methanol foliar application under drought stress conditions.
 
Materials and Methods
The experiment was conducted as a split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in the summer of 2021 at Dezful region. Drought stress was applied based on irrigation intervals at four levels (80, 110, 140, and 170 mm of evaporation from a class A evaporation pan) as the main factor. Foliar spraying was performed at four levels (0, 10, 20, and 30% volumetric methanol solution) as the sub-factor. The evaluated traits included plant height, number of leaves, number of pod per plant, number of grain per pod, 100-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. Analysis of variance was performed using statistical analysis system (SAS ver. 9.3). The means were compared using the Duncan's multiple range test at 5% probability level.    
 
Results and Discussion
The results of this study showed that drought stress could reduce cowpea grain yield by reducing plant height, shedding leaves and flowers, and negatively affecting yield components. While, methanol foliar spray treatment had a positive and significant effect on all studied traits, and this effect reached its maximum in foliar spray with 30% volumetric methanol. Based on the comparison of the treatment means, the highest plant height (159.64 cm), number of leaves per plant (69.72), number of pods per plant (60), number of grains per pod (12.6), 100-grain weight (20.01 g), grain yield (2260 kg/ha), biological yield (4712 kg/ha), and harvest index (48 %) belonged to foliar application of 30% volumetric methanol under irrigation conditions after 80 mm evaporation, and the lowest values belonged to the treatment combination of no foliar application of methanol (control) under irrigation conditions after 170 mm evaporation. Therefore, it seems that methanol foliar spraying is effective due to several mechanisms, including improving plant photosynthesis, reducing oxidative stress, improving water and nutrient absorption, changing plant metabolism, increasing vegetative growth, improving flowering and pod formation, moderating the effect of drought stress, and ultimately, it increased the final yield of cowpeas.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, the use of methanol foliar spraying, especially its application 30% volumetric, can increase cowpea grain yield under drought stress conditions by improving some morphological traits such as plant height and number of leaves per plant, as well as yield components (number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, grain weight).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grain yield
  • Harvest index
  • Number of leaves
  • Number of pods

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دوره 17، شماره 1
خرداد 1404
صفحه 107-120

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