نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه زراعت و گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد واحد شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.
2 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شهرکرد، ایران
3 مرکز تحقیقات تغذیه و محصولات ارگانیک، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران
4 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شهرکرد، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction
Grapes (Vitis vinifera) are temperate-region fruits with having high nutritional value, and numerous by-products are derived from their fruit. Investigating the differences in quantitative and qualitative characteristics of various grape cultivars provides an opportunity to screen this crop based on desirable traits and its nutritional value. The yield and quality attributes of grapes typically vary depending on the cultivar, climate, light, temperature, viticultural practices, nutrition, irrigation management, pests, disease control, and pruning. The present report was conducted to evaluate and compare the yield components, qualitative traits, and phytochemical properties of six commercial grape cultivars under the climatic conditions of the Saman region in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province.
Materials and methods
This research dealt with investigating the morphological and pomological characteristics of six grape cultivars in a vineyard located in the Saman region of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. The study was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The Saman region is situated at a latitude of 32:19 degrees, a longitude of 50:51 degrees, and an altitude of 2060 meters above sea level. This area has a temperate mountainous climate, with an average temperature of 12.8°C and an average annual rainfall of 243 mm. The maximum and minimum absolute temperatures recorded in the vineyard were 37.50°C and -14.35°C, respectively. The study examined three-year-old plants of the cultivars Asgari, Bidaneh Ghermez, Flame, Perlette, Rish Baba, and Yaghouti. At the fruit ripening stage, quantitative traits (cluster length, width, and weight; berry length, width, and weight; fruit yield; fruit density; and dry matter percentage), qualitative traits (titratable acidity, pH, total soluble solids, and flavor index), and biochemical traits (carotenoids, total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity) were measured during two growing seasons (2021-2022 and 2022-2023).
Results and discussion
In the present study, most of the tested traits showed significant differences among the studied cultivars. The results indicated significant differences among the cultivars in terms of quantitative, qualitative, and biochemical characteristics. Cluster length, cluster width, cluster weight, berry length, berry width, berry weight, fruit yield, fruit density, and dry matter content were significantly influenced by the grape cultivar, with the highest yield observed in the Flame cultivar (7.19 kg per vine). Based on the results, the evaluated grape cultivars exhibited significant differences in fruit quality parameters, including titratable acidity, pH, total soluble solids, and flavor index. Additionally, the content of carotenoids, total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity were significantly affected by the cultivar. Correlation analysis revealed that fruit yield had a significant positive correlation with cluster length, cluster weight, and berry width. The antioxidant capacity of the grape cultivars showed a significant positive correlation with total phenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Based on principal component analysis, the first two components accounted for 72.13% of the total variance, with yield-related traits showing the highest variability among the grape cultivars. Yield is an important trait in grapes, valued by grape growers and breeders, and yield-related traits are considered desirable. The different grape cultivars were evaluated for cluster length, width, and weight, berry length, width, and weight, fruit yield per vine, dry matter percentage, and fruit density over two growing seasons. The results showed significant differences among the cultivars in these traits, with Flame Seedless and Perlette being the top performers in terms of quantitative traits. Fruit yield in grapes depends on water and light absorption for photosynthesis and nutrient uptake to meet nutritional needs, which are influenced by environmental, genetic, and interaction factors. Given the uniform environmental conditions in this study, the differences in yield-related traits among the grape cultivars are attributed to genetic factors. The findings of this study also confirm that the observed diversity in cluster and berry characteristics among the studied grape cultivars was accompanied by differences in yield. The correlation results also indicate a significant positive relationship between yield and some cluster and berry characteristics. Based on the findings of this study, the fruit of the studied grape cultivars showed significant differences in qualitative traits, including titratable acidity, acidity, soluble solids, and flavor index. Measuring acidity and total acid content are primary indicators for evaluating grape fruit quality. In this study, the correlation results also showed a negative relationship between acidity and titratable acidity. Soluble solids content is another qualitative trait and an important indicator of fruit quality. Changes in organic compounds, which increase simultaneously with changes in berry color, are mainly related to increases in soluble sugars. Since sugar constitutes the majority of total soluble solids, the soluble solids index is used as a measure of berry sugar content.
Conclusions
This research aimed to investigate the diversity of quantitative, qualitative, and biochemical characteristics of different grape cultivars in the Saman region of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. The results demonstrated significant differences in yield and yield components among the studied grape cultivars. Additionally, the measured qualitative and biochemical traits exhibited significant variability among the cultivars. Based on the findings, the Flame and Perlette cultivars outperformed the others in terms of quantitative and qualitative traits, making them suitable candidates for breeding programs.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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