نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری باغبانی، گروه زراعت و گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد واحد شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران
2 استادیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شهرکرد، ایران
3 دانشیار مرکز تحقیقات تغذیه و محصولات ارگانیک، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران
4 استادیار بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شهرکرد، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction
Grapes (Vitis vinifera) are temperate-region fruits with having high nutritional value, and numerous by-products are derived from their fruit. Investigating the differences in quantitative and qualitative characteristics of various grape cultivars provides an opportunity to screen this crop based on desirable traits and its nutritional value. The yield and quality attributes of grapes typically vary depending on the cultivar, climate, light, temperature, viticulture practices, nutrition, irrigation management, pests, disease control, and pruning. The present research conducted to evaluate and compare the yield components, qualitative traits, and phytochemical properties of six commercial grape cultivars under the climatic conditions of the Saman region in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province from Iran.
Materials and Methods
This research dealt with investigating the morphological and pomological characteristics of six grape cultivars in a vineyard located in the Saman region of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. The study was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The Saman region is situated at latitude of 32:19 degrees, longitude of 50:51 degrees, and an altitude of 2060 meters above sea level. This area has a temperate mountainous climate, with an average temperature of 12.8°C and an average annual rainfall of 243 mm. The maximum and minimum absolute temperatures recorded in the vineyard were 37.50°C and -13.4°C, respectively. The study examined three-year-old plants of the cultivars Asgari, Bidaneh-Ghermez, Flame seedless, Perlette, Rish-Baba, and Yaghouti. At the fruit ripening stage, quantitative traits (bunch length, width, and weight; berry length, width, and weight; fruit yield; fruit density; and dry matter percentage), qualitative traits (titratable acidity, pH, total soluble solids, and taste index), and biochemical traits (carotenoids, total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity) were measured during 2022-2023.
Results and Discussion
In the present study, most of the tested traits showed significant differences among the studied cultivars. The results indicated significant differences among the cultivars in terms of quantitative, qualitative, and biochemical characteristics. Bunch length, bunch width, bunch weight, berry length, berry width, berry weight, fruit yield, fruit density, and dry matter content were significantly influenced by the grapevine cultivar, with the highest yield observed in the Flame seedless cultivar (7.19 kg per vine). Based on the results, the evaluated grapevine cultivars exhibited significant differences in fruit quality parameters, including titratable acidity, pH, total soluble solids, and taste index. Additionally, the content of carotenoids, total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity were significantly affected by the cultivar. Correlation analysis revealed that fruit yield had a significant positive correlation with bunch length, bunch weight, and berry width. The antioxidant capacity of the grapevine cultivars showed a significant positive correlation with total phenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Yield is an important trait in grapes, valued by grapevine growers and breeders, and yield-related traits are considered desirable. The different grapevine cultivars were evaluated for bunch length, width, and weight, berry length, width, and weight, fruit yield per grapevine, dry matter percentage, and fruit density over two growing seasons. The results showed significant differences among the cultivars in these traits, with Flame seedless and Perlette being the top performers in terms of quantitative traits. Fruit yield in grapevines depends on water and light absorption for photosynthesis and nutrient uptake to meet nutritional needs, which are influenced by environmental, genetic, and interaction factors. Given the uniform environmental conditions in this study, the differences in yield-related traits among the grape cultivars are attributed to genetic factors. The findings of this study also confirm that the observed diversity in bunch and berry characteristics among the studied grapevines cultivars was accompanied by differences in yield. The correlation results also indicate a significant positive relationship between yield and some bunch and berry characteristics. Based on the findings of this study, the fruit of the studied grape cultivars showed significant differences in qualitative traits, including titratable acid, acidity, soluble solids, and taste index. Measuring acidity and total acid content are primary indicators for evaluating grape fruit quality. In this study, the correlation results also showed a negative relationship between acidity and titratable acidity. Soluble solids content is another qualitative trait and an important indicator of fruit quality. Changes in organic compounds, which increase simultaneously with changes in berry color, are mainly related to increases in soluble sugars. Since sugar constitutes the majority of total soluble solids, the soluble solids index is used as a measure of berry sugar content.
Conclusions
This research aimed to investigate the diversity of quantitative, qualitative, and biochemical characteristics of different grape cultivars in the Saman region of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. The results demonstrated significant differences in yield and yield components among the studied grapevine cultivars. Additionally, the measured qualitative and biochemical traits exhibited significant variability among the cultivars. Based on the findings, the Flame seedless and Perlette cultivars outperformed the others in terms of quantitative and qualitative traits, making them suitable candidates for breeding programs.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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