ارزیابی عملکرد، کیفیت دانه و ردیابی ژن‌های برگرداننده باروری در دورگ‌های برنج

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه بیوتکنولوژی و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

2 استاد، گروه بیوتکنولوژی و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه بیوتکنولوژی و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

4 دانش‌آموخته دکتری، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست‌فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

چکیده

باتوجه ‌به افزایش رشد جمعیت ایران و کاهش زمین‌های زیرکشت و کمبود شدید آب بدون تردید باید تولید در واحد سطح افزایش یابد. بنابراین، استفاده از روش‌های نوین، جهت افزایش تولید برنج، الزامی است. تامین کمبود برنج از طریق ارقام بومی که عملکرد پایینی دارند، امکان‌پذیر نیست. تکنولوژی برنج دورگ در افزایش عملکرد برنج موفقیت‌آمیز بوده است. پژوهش حاضر باهدف ارزیابی مقدار عملکرد و کیفیت دانه 34 تا از دورگ‌های برنج و جهت ردیابی ژن‌های برگرداننده باروری در آن‌ها با کمک دو نشانگر ریز ماهواره‌ای همبسته با ژن‌های برگرداننده باروری Rf3 و Rf4 انجام شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. در ابتدا دورگ‌های با عملکرد بالا گزینش شدند سپس برای صفات فیزیکی و شیمیایی دانه، مقایسه و ارزیابی صورت گرفت. نتایج تجزیه واریانس صفات مورفولولوژیکی F1‌های حاصل از تلاقی لاین‌های نرعقیم جلودار A  و ندا A  با لاین‌های پدری نشان داد که در تمامی صفات مورد بررسی اختلاف بسیار معنی‌داری وجود داشت و بیانگر تنوع فراوان بین F1‌های مورد ارزیابی بود. مقایسه میانگین صفات زراعی نتاج نشان داد که براساس میزان باروری و عملکرد دانه، به ترتیب دورگ‌های H33، H30، H29، H28 و H27 گزینش شدند. نتایج الگوی باندی دو نشانگر حاکی از آن بود که ژنوتیپ‌های IR 68078-15-2-1-2-2-R، IR 65622-151-1-2-2-2-R و NSIC RC 434 دارای ژن‌های برگرداننده‌باروری بودند و به تولید نتاج با عملکرد بالا منجر شدند. بنابراین، پژوهشگران در برنامه‌های تولید و بهبود برنج دورگ می‌توانند این ژنوتیپ‌ها را برای آزمون و ارزیابی‌های بیشتر مورد بررسی قرار دهند و از آنجایی که لاین های مورد مطالعه وارداتی هستند، لازم است برای تطبیق آن‌ها و همچنین با استفاده از آن‌ها در تلاقی‌ها تلاش‌هایی در جهت تولید و انتشار دورگ‌های جدید برنج شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Yield and Grain Quality Traits and Genotypes and Detection of Fertility Restoration Genes in Hybrid Rice

نویسندگان [English]

  • hamideh mahdikhani 1
  • nematzadeh ghorbanali 2
  • nadali bagheri 3
  • افخمی قادی afkhami ghadi 4
1 M.Sc. Graduate,, Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
3 Associate Professor,, Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
4 Ph.D. Graduate, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Given the escalating global population, dwindling agricultural land, and severe water scarcity, there is an urgent need to enhance crop yield per unit area. Consequently, the adoption of innovative methods to boost rice production has become in dispensable. Relying solely on low-yielding native varieties is no longer feasible. Hybrid rice technology has proven to be highly effective in increasing rice yield. This study evaluated 34 rice genotypes using two SSR molecular markers linked to the restorer genes Rf3 and Rf4.
 
Materials and Methods
In this study, 34 F1 genotypes (resulting from crosses between two genetic male-sterile lines, Jelodar A and Neda A, and 13 tenth-generation mutant lines, including Dast, Nemat, Pazhuhesh, Sepidrood, and Damsiah, as well as four foreign restorer lines) were cultivated in the research farm of the Tabarestan Agricultural Genetics and Biotechnology Research Center from 2018 to 2019 in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Superior hybrids with high performance were selected and evaluated for their physicochemical properties. Two SSR markers linked to the main genes Rf3 (marker RM 3148) and Rf4 (marker RM 171) were used to identify restorer genes. Grain quality traits, including amylose content, gelatinization temperature, grain elongation after cooking, gel consistency, grain size and shape, and rice aroma after cooking, were measured.
 
Results
Results of the mean comparison of morphological traits of the progenies showed that the highest fertility and yield belonged to hybrids H33, H30, H29, H28, and H27, which were the result of crosses (H28: IR 68078-15-2-1-2-2-R/Neda A), (H27: IR 68078-15-2-1-2-2-R/Jelodar A), (H29: IR 65622-151-1-2-2-2-R/Jelodar A), (H30: IR 65622-151-1-2-2-2-R/Neda A), and (H33: NSIC RC 434/Jelodar A), respectively. The results of the mean comparison showed a significant difference in all traits, and hybrid H29 (3.423.33) had the highest aroma among the check varieties. The dendrogram obtained from cluster analysis showed that hybrid H33, along with the Fajar quality variety, was placed in the first group and was recognized as the best hybrid with superior quality in terms of grain length after cooking (12.15), breakage rate (4.64), and aroma (5.922.00). The SSR molecular markers RM 171 and RM 3148, linked to the restorer genes Rf4 and Rf3 for the selection of superior hybrids, showed that the RM 3148 marker for hybrids resulting from crosses between the parental varieties IR 68078-15-2-1-2-2-R, IR 65622-151-1-2-2-2-R, and IR 86403-5-5-2-1-1-1-1-1R with the male-sterile line Jelodar A had a banding pattern similar to the restorer check. Hybrids H27, H29, and H33 also had both banding patterns, i.e., they were heterozygous, and as a result, this marker probably had the Rf3rf3 gene. The RM 171 marker showed the probable presence of the Rf4 gene in varieties IR 68078-15-2-1-2-2-R and IR 65622-151-1-2-2-2-R, and their hybrids also expressed this gene in a heterozygous manner.
 
Conclusion
Of the identified restorer varieties, including IR 68078-15-2-1-2-2-R, IR 65622-151-1-2-2-2-R, and IR 86403-5-5-2-1-1-1-1-1R, can be used in hybrid rice breeding programs to achieve high-yielding progenies.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cooking quality
  • Hybrid rice
  • Molecular markers
  • Restorer gene

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دوفصلنامه فنآوری تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 17، شماره 2
بهمن 1404
صفحه 49-68

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