مقایسه درصد و اجزای اسانس برگ و گل تازه نعنا دشتی (Mentha spicata L.) کشت شده در مناطق حمیدیه و شوشتر در زمان‌های مختلف برداشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 فارغ التحصیل مقطع کارشناسی رشته علوم باغبانی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

نعنا دشتی (Mentha spicata L.) یکی از مهم‌ترین گیاهان دارویی خانواده نعنا می‌باشد که به­دلیل خواص دارویی ارزشمند کاربرد زیادی در صنایع غذایی، آرایشی-بهداشتی و داروسازی دارد. در این تحقیق تغییرات درصد و اجزای اسانس نعنادشتی کشت شده در مناطق حمیدیه و شوشتر طی پنج ماه از سال 1390 در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی بررسی گردید. نمونه‌های برگ تازه در اواسط ماه‌های اردیبهشت، تیر، مرداد، شهریور و مهر و نمونه‌های گل تازه در اواسط ماه‌های تیر، مرداد و شهریور برداشت شدند. نمونه‌ها به­وسیله کلونجر و به روش تقطیر با آب اسانس گیری شدند و اجزای اسانس با دستگاه GC و GC-MS آنالیز شدند. نتایج نشان داد که زمان برداشت گیاه اثر معنی‌داری بر درصد اسانس برگ و گل تازه در هر دو منطقه داشت. بیشترین درصد اسانس برگ (74/0%) و گل تازه (84/2%) در منطقه حمیدیه به­ترتیب در ماه‌های تیر و مرداد و در منطقه شوشتر در ماه مرداد (به­ترتیب 98/0% و 07/2%) ثبت گردید. کمترین درصد اسانس برگ تازه در هر دو منطقه در اردیبهشت (26/0 و 42/0% به‌ترتیب در منطقه حمیدیه و شوشتر) و گل تازه در تیر (52/1 و 64/1% به‌ترتیب در منطقه حمیدیه و شوشتر) مشاهده شد. بیشترین (60/69%) و کمترین (92/51%) مقدار کاروون برگ تازه حمیدیه به‌ترتیب در ماه‌های مهر و اردیبهشت و بیشترین (80/63%) و کمترین (33/53%) مقدار کاروون گل تازه به‌ترتیب در ماه‌های شهریور و مرداد ثبت گردید. در نمونه‌های شوشتر، حداکثر مقدار کاروون برگ (03/64%) و گل تازه (95/58%) به‌ترتیب در ماه‌های تیر و مرداد و حداقل مقدار آن در شهریور (34/60 و 26/54% به‌ترتیب در برگ و گل) به­دست آمد. بیشترین مقدار لیمونن برگ (30/23%) و گل تازه (87/30%) حمیدیه به‌ترتیب در ماه‌های تیر و مرداد و بیشترین مقدار در برگ (99/20%) و گل (52/28%) شوشتر به‌ترتیب در ماه‌های مرداد و شهریور مشاهده شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of the Essential Oil Content and Composition of Fresh Leaf and Flower of Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) Cultivated in Hamidieh and Shoshtar Locations at Different Harvest Times

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Mahmoodi Sorestani 1
  • Mehrdad Akbarzadeh 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Graduated in B.Sc., Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants of the mint family that have numerous applications in food, cosmetical and pharmaceutical industries due to its valuable medicinal properties. In this research, the change in essential oil content and composition of fresh leaf and flower of spearmint cultivated in Hamidieh and Shoshtar locations during five months on 2012 were studied. Fresh leaf samples were harvested on May, July, August, September and October. Fresh flower samples were harvested on July, August and September. The essential oil was extracted by Clevenger apparatus base on water distillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Result showed that the harvest time had a significant effect on essential oil content of leaf and flower of both locations. The highest essential oil content of leaf (0.74%) and flower (2.84%) of Hamidieh samples were recorded on July and August, respectively and on August for Shoshtar samples (0.98 and 2.07%). The lowest essential oil content of leaf (0.26 and 0.42%) and flower (1.52 and 1.64%) were observed on May and July for both locations, respectively. In Hamidieh samples, the highest (69.60%) and lowest (51.92%) amounts of carvone of leaf were observed on October and May, respectively and the highest (63.80%) and lowest (53.33%) amounts of carvone of flower were also recorded on September and August, respectively. In Shoshtar samples, the highest carvone amount of leaf (64.03%) and flower (58.95%) was obtained on July and August, respectively and its lowest (60.34 and 54.26%) amount was observed on September. The highest limonene amount of leaf (23.30%) and flower (30.87%) was observed on July and August for Hamidieh samples and on August (20.99%) and September for Shoshtar (28.52%) samples, respectively. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Carvone
  • Limonene
  • Clevenger
  • Water distillation

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دوفصلنامه فنآوری تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 8، شماره 1
خرداد 1395
صفحه 193-205

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