اثر بستر کشت و اسید ایندول بوتیریک بر ازدیاد ارقام جدید سانسوریا

Abstract
Today, because of the slow growth and conventional propagation methods are not sufficient to meet the marketable needs of Sansevieria trifasciata, it is possible to use rooting stimulators for propagation. This study investigated the effects of IBA concentrations and culture media on some morpho-physiological parameters in Sansevieria trifasciata. Treatments included cultivar (black gold and compact), IBA (0, 100 and 200 mg.l^-1), and culture medium (perlite and sand). Morphophysiological traits, including callus size, number of roots, number of shoots, stem length, stem diameter, number of leaves, FW and DW, and relative water content, etc. were measured 8 months. Increasing the concentration of IBA stimulated the reactions of black gold to FW and DW of shoots, callus size, number of leaves, and increasing the DW of roots, but in compact varieties, increasing the concentration of IBA resulted in a decrease in root initiation time and number of leaves. IBA reduced the decay of the cuttings (100 mg.l^-1 in the compact green and 200 mg.l^-1 in the black). Increasing the concentration of IBA for treating cuttings caused an increase in the number of roots and root length of compact green and black gold cuttings. Sansevieria trifasciata had diverse responses to different concentrations of IBA and culture media throughout propagation. IBA at 200 mg.l^-1 had an encouraging effect on the propagation of Sansevieria trifasciata. The results revealed that increasing the concentration of IBA increased the root number and root length in the cuttings of compact and black gold.
Introduction
Sansevieria trifasciata is a perennial plant from the liliaceae family, which originates from tropical and semi-tropical regions of the world. Sansevieria trifasciata variateis are one of the most popular ornamental indoor plants due to having types with striped leaves. Today, due to the slow growth and conventional propagation methods are not sufficient to meet the marketable needs of Sansevieria trifasciata, it is possible to use agent of rooting stimulator for multiplication. This study aimed to investigate the effects of indole butyric acid concentrations as a plant growth regulator and culture media on some morphophysiology parameters in Sansevieria trifasciata cuttings.
Materials and Methods
This research included 3 factors, cultivar (black gold and compact), indole butyric acid plant growth regulator (0, 100 and 200 mg.l^-1) and culture medium (perlite and sand). This research, which was conducted in the greenhouse of with controlled conditions of 25°C, 70% humidity and 10,000 lux of light. The end cutting was immersed in the solution of indole butyric acid immediately which was prepared in three concentrations of 0, 100 and 200 mg/l for 10 seconds to initiation root. Subsequently, cutting were placed on a site sterilized by 70% alcohol in the lab condition for two days to callus initiation of wound surface. Morphological parameters include callus size, rooting time, number of roots, length of the root, length of the longest root, time of bud initiation, number of shoots, stem length, stem diameter, root rot rate, number of leaves, callus size, fresh weight of root and shoot, dry weight of root and shoot were measured. Physiological traits including relative water content, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll content, organ biomass percentage were investigated 8 months after cultivation. The experiment was adjusting in as factorial arrangements in a completely randomized design. Each treatment consisted of three replicates for statistical purposes. All the results were statistically analyzed using the SAS program. Means of three replicates were subjected to one-way ANOVA. Duncan's Multiple Range Test was also used to compare the mean values and determine the significance of statistical differences in treatments.
Results and Discussion
It was found that the effects of the variety were obvious in response to the culture medium and different concentrations of indole butyric acid. The results of effect of the hormone on the recorded traits revealed that increasing the concentration of indole butyric acid had in the cuttings stimulating reactions of black gold to fresh and dry weight of shoots, callus size, number of leaves and increasing the dry weight of roots, but in compact green variety, increasing the hormone affected a decrease in root initiation time, root biomass and number of leaves. Based on the results, the treatment of cuttings by indole butyric acid reduced the decay of the cuttings (100 mg.l^-1 in the compact green and 200 mg.l^-1 in the black variety) and their survival plants. The results of this research also indicated that increasing the concentration of indole butyric acid for the treatment of cuttings grown in substrates such as sand and perlite caused an increase in the number of roots and root length of compact green and black gold cuttings.
Conclusions
Sansevieria trifasciata variety had diverse response to different concentrations of the indole butyric acid and type of culture media in throughout propagation. 200 mg.l^-1 of indole butyric acid hormone had an encouraging result on the propagation of Sansevieria trifasciata cuttings. The uppermost percentage of cuttings rooting was related to the Sansevieria trifasciata black gold. The perlite substrate was the best media for propagation compact and black gold variety.