Evaluation of relationships between traits in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) genotypes using multivariate statistical methods under conditions of Rhizomania disease.



Abstract

Introduction: Increasing yield per unit area through breeding is a fundamental strategy for addressing economic challenges in high-quality sugar beet production. Plant performance is the most essential trait and greatly interests plant breeders. Identifying the optimal genotypes for each region is an effective solution for combating rhizomania disease in the country. Genetic and environmental factors primarily influence the quantity and quality of sugar beet yields.

Materials and methods: To evaluate the relationships between traits in resistant and sensitive internally and externally modified varieties of sugar beet under the conditions of rhizomania disease, the experiment was carried out in the form of RCBD in four replications. The experimental materials included 12 sugar beet genotypes (10 internal genotypes, one external resistant genotype, and one internal sensitive genotype).

Results and discussion: Analysis of the variance of the studied traits showed a statistically significant difference between all the genotypes except the yellowness score trait, which indicated the existence of appropriate genetic diversity among the genotypes in terms of the mentioned traits. Also, the results obtained from the comparison of the genotypes showed that among the genotypes studied, the SBSI010 genotype (internal control genotype susceptible to the disease) showed the highest percentage of infection between the internal genotypes and the external genotypes resistant to the disease (F-20663) in terms of the percentage of root infection. No significance was observed. Based on the results of factor analysis using varimax rotation, four factors were identified, accounting for 83.38% of the total variance of the data. The cluster analysis of the studied genotypes was classified into three groups at a similarity distance 5. To accurately compare the differences between the clusters in terms of single traits, the mean of the characteristics of the clusters was done based on the LSD test. According to the analysis of the variance table of traits obtained from 3 cluster groups, there were statistically significant differences between all characteristics. Based on this, the first cluster included the genotypes 31914, F-20663 (external disease-resistant variety), 31919, 31884, SBSI030, 31406+P12, 31879, 36881 and 31910. Based on comparing the mean of the clusters, these genotypes were in group one based on the opinions of root yield, root uniformity, growth score, root sodium, harmful nitrogen, and alkalinity. However, the genotypes in this cluster were suitable based on the root, uniformity, and genotype growth score theories. However, due to the high amount of root impurities such as sodium, harmful nitrogen and alkalinity, they cannot be suitable genotypes for selection. Placement of genotype F - 20663 (external control resistant to the disease) along with genotypes 31914, 31919, 31884, SBSI030, 31406 + P12, 31879, 36881 and 31910 resistant to diseases. Was. Cluster No. 2 included genotypes 31919 and SBSI030. Compared with other genotypes, the genotypes of this cluster were higher (more than the total average) in root function, root uniformity, growth score of gross percentage, pure sugar percentage, gross sugar yield and sugar yield (more than the total average). The intensity of pollution, sodium, potassium, and nitrogen, which are harmful to the root, alkalinity, and molas sugar (less than the average of all clusters), were conservative. According to the reason of the cluster analysis, it can be stated that among the genotypes in question, genotypes 319030 and S. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics and resistance were identified as the superior genotypes against the disease (even compared to the external control genotype). Since the extent of infection of fields with Rhizomania in the beet growing areas of Fars, Khorasan, Isfahan and West Azerbaijan provinces is increasing, resistant cultivars are recommended to control this disease.

Conclusions: In this research, root infection percentage and gross sugar percentage traits were identified as the most effective traits on pure sugar yield, and genotypes SBSI030 and 31912were identified as the most suitable genotypes.

Conclusions: In this research, root infection percentage and gross sugar percentage traits were identified as the most effective traits on pure sugar yield, and genotypes SBSI030 and 31912were identified as the most suitable genotypes.



Conclusions: In this research, root infection percentage and gross sugar percentage traits were identified as the most effective traits on pure sugar yield, and genotypes SBSI030 and 31912were identified as the most suitable genotypes.