اثر شوری بر فیزیولوژی رشد رویشی، اجزاء عملکرد و خصوصیات کیفی میوه توت‌فرنگی رقم کاماروزا

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار و استاد گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

3 استاد گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

توت‌فرنگی یکی از میوه‌های ارزشمندی است که کشت آن به‌صورت چندساله و یک‌ساله (گلخانه‌ای) رو به گسترش است. این گیاه به شوری حساس می‌باشد. این پژوهش به­منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف شوری (صفر، 15، 30، 45 و 60 میلی‌مولار کلریدسدیم) بر تغییرات رشد رویشی، زایشی و خصوصیات کیفی میوه توت‌فرنگی رقم کاماروزا در شرایط هیدروپونیک اجرا گردید. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و در سه تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که با بیشتر شدن سطح شوری علاوه­بر کاهش قابل توجه وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه، تعداد و سطح برگ، اجزای عملکرد نیز کاهش چشمگیری یافت به­گونه‌ای که عملکرد بوته در سطوح شوری 15، 30، 45 و 60 میلی‌مولار به­ترتیب 20، 42، 45 و 65 درصد نسبت به شاهد کاهش یافت. تنش شوری همچنین سبب کمتر شدن کلروفیل و محتوای نسبی آب برگ، غلظت مواد جامد محلول کل و اسیدیته قابل تیتر میوه گردید، درحالی­که مقدار نشت الکترولیت برگ، درصد و سطح نکروزه برگ، محتوای آنتوسیانین، ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، مواد فنولی، پرولین و سفتی میوه با بیشتر شدن سطح شوری افزایش یافت. به­طورکلی بیشترین تغییرات بر اثر اعمال تنش شوری در رشد رویشی و زایشی مشاهده گردید. درحالی­که تغییرات در خصوصیات کیفی میوه به مقدار کمتری تحت تاثیر شوری قرار گرفت.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Salinity on Vegetative Growth Physiology, Yield Properties and Fruit Quality of Strawberry cv. Camarosa

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Mohammad Hassan Mortazavi 1
  • Solaleh Najafi Marghmaleki 2
  • Noorollah Moallemi 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Gratuated M.Sc. Student, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Strawberry is one of the unique small fruits which it’s annual (in glasshouse) and perennial culture has been expanding. This plant is sensitive to salinity. This research was done to investigate the effects of different salinity levels (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 mM NaCl) on changes of vegetative and reproductive growth and fruit quality of strawberry in hydroponics system. The experiment was done based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replicates. The results showed that by increasing the level of salinity, in addition of considerable loss of fresh and dry weight of plant shoot and root parts, leaves number and area also reduced significantly so that the plant yield at different salinity levels of 15, 30, 45 and 60 mM reduced by 20, 42, 45 and 65% respectively compared to control. The salinity stress also resulted in reduced leaf chlorophyll and relative water content, fruit TSS and titratable acidity while the amount of leaf electrolyte leakage, necrosis area and percentage, fruit anthocyanin, antioxidant capacity, phenolic content, proline and firmness were enhanced by increasing the level of salinity. Totally the majority of changes in response to using salinity stress were observed in vegetative and reproductive plant growth, while, changes in the properties of fruit quality was less affected by salinity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Salinity stress
  • Sodium chloride
  • Fruit quality
  • Camarosa

مراجع

سیدی، ا.، عبادی، ع.، بابالار، م. و سعیدی، ب. 1389. بررسی اثر سطوح تراکم کاشت بر عملکرد و کیفیت میوه توت فرنگی رقم سلوا در سیستم کشت بدون خاک عمودی. نشریه علوم باغبانی، 24: 6-1.
شاکری، ف.، بانی‌نسب، ب.، قبادی، س. و مبلی، م. 1388. اثر غلظت و روش استفاده از پاکلوبوترازول بر رشد رویشی و زایشی توت‌فرنگی رقم سلوا(Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Selva) . نشریه علوم باغبانی، 23: 24-18.
یوسفی، م.، طباطبایی، ج.، حاجیلو، ج. و مهنا، ن. 1392. تأثیر شوری غیریکنواخت در بخشی از ریشه بر شدت فتوسنتز و غلظت عناصر غذایی گیاه توت‌فرنگی رقم کاماروزا. نشریه علوم باغبانی، 27: 184-178.
Al-Yahyai, R., Al-Ismaily, S. and Al-Rawahy, S. A. 2010. Growing tomatoes under saline field conditions and the role of fertilizers. A Monograph on Management of Salt-Affected Soils and Water for Sustainable Agriculture, 83-88.
Akhtar, J. 2003. Effects on some physic-chemical and mineralogical characteristics of salt-affected soil by growing kallar grass using saline water. Institute of Geology/ University of the Punjab, 180 pp.
Arnon, D. I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant physiology, 24: 1-15.
Awang, Y. B., Atherton, J. G. and Taylor, A. J. 1993. Salinity effects on strawberry plants Grown in Rockwool II. Fruit quality. Journal of Horticultural Science, 68: 631-635.
Bates, I. S., Waldern, R. P. and Teare, I. D. 1973. Rapid determination of free prolin for water stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39: 205-207.
Birch, G. G. and Pepper, T. 1983. Protection of vitamin C by sugars and their hydrogenated derivatives. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 31: 980-985.
Cuartero, J. and Fernandez-Munoz, R. 1999. Tomato and salinity. Scientia Horticulturae, 78: 83-125.
Daiponmaka, W., Theerakulpisutb, P., Thanonkaoc, P., Vanavichitd, A. and Prathephaa, P. 2010. Changes of anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucoside content and antioxidant activity in Thai rice varieties under salinity stress. Science Asia, 36: 286-291.
FAO, 2013. http://faostat3.fao.org//faostat-gateway/go/to/compare/Q/QC/E.
Farkhondeh, R., Nabizadeh, E. and Jalilnezhad, N. 2012. Effect of salinity stress on proline content, membrane stability and water relations in two sugar beet cultivars. International Journal of AgriScience, 2: 385-392.
Grattan, S. R. and Grieve, C. M. 1998. Salinity-Mineral nutrient relations in horticultural crops. Scientia Horticulturae, 78: 127-157.
Greenway, H. and Munns, R. 1980. Mechanism of salt tolerance in nonhalophytes: annual review. Plant physiology, 31: 149-190.
Guo, C., Yang, J., Wei, J., Li, Y., Xu, J. and Jiang, Y. 2003. Antioxidant activities of peel, pulp and seed fractions of common fruits as determined by FRAP assay. Nutrition Research, 23: 1719-726.
Hoagland, D. R. and Arnon, D. I. 1950. The water-culture method for growing plants without soil. California Agricultural Experiment Station Circular, 347: 1-32.
Hernández, Y., Lobo, M. G. and González, M. 2006. Determination of vitamin C in tropical fruits: A comparative evaluation of methods. Food Chemistry, 96: 654-664.
Kaya, C., Kirnak, H., Higgs, D. and Saltali, K. 2002. Supplementary calcium enhances plant growth and fruit yield in strawberry cultivars grown at high NaCl salinity. Scientia Horticulture, 93: 65-74.
Kaya, C., Ak, B. E. and Higgs, D. 2003. Response of salt stressed strawberry plants to supplementary calcium nitrate and/or potassium nitrate. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 26: 543-560.
Keutgen, A. J. and Pawelzik, E. 2007. Medifications of taste-relevant compounds in strawberry fruit under NaCl salinity. Food Chemistry, 105: 1487-1494.
Keutgen, A. J. and Pawelzik, E. 2008. Quality and nutritional value of strawberry fruit under long term salt stress. Food Chemistry, 107: 1413-1420.
Keutgen, A. J. and Pawelzik, E. 2009. Impacts of NaCl stress on plant growth and mineral nutrient assimilation in two cultivars of strawberry. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 65: 170-176.
Khayyat, M., Tafazoli, E., Eshghi, S., Rahemi, M. and Rajaee, S. 2007. Salinity, supplementary calcium and potassium effects on fruit yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch). American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 2: 539-544.
Lee, J., Durst, R. W. and Wrolstad, R. E. 2005. Determination of total monomeric anthocyanin pigment content of fruit juices, beverages, natural colorants, and wines by the pH differential method: Collaborative study. Journal of AOAC International, 88: 1269-1278.
Maggio, A. and Raimondi, G. 2007. Salt stress respons in tomato beyond the salinity tolerance threshold. Journal of Experimental Botany, 59: 276-282.
Mansour, M. F. 2000. Nitrogen containing compounds and adaptation of plants to salinity stress. Biologia Plantarum, 43: 491-500.
Matsumoto, S., Takeuchi, A., Hayatsu, M. and Kondo, S. 1994. Molecular cloning of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase cDNA and classification of varieties and cultivars of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) using the tea PAL cDNA probe. Theoretical and applied genetics, 89: 671-675.
Misra, N. and Gupta, A. K. 2005. Effect of salt stress on proline metabolism in two high yielding genotypes of green gram. Plant Science, 169: 331-339.
Munns, R., Greenway, H., Delane, R. and Gibbs, R. 1982. Ion concentration and carbohydrate status of the elongating leaf tissue of Hordeum vulgar growing at high external NaCl. Journal of Experimental Botany, 33: 574-583.
Munns, R. and Tester, M. 2008. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59: 651-681.
Oertli, J. J. 1968. Extracellular salt accumulation, a possible mechanism of salt injury in plants. Agrochimica, 12: 461-469.
Perez-Alfocea, F., Santa-Cruz, A., Guerrier, G. and Bolarin, M. C. 1994. NaCl stress induced organic solute change on leaves and calli of (Lycopersicum esculentum L.). pennellii and their inter specific hybrid. Plant physiology, 143: 106-111.
Petersen, K. K., Willumsen, J. and Kaack, K. 1998. Composition and taste of tomatoes as affected by increased salinity and different salinity sources, Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 73: 205-215.
Rawson, H. M., Iong, M. J. and Munns, R. 1988. Growth and development in NaCl treated plants. Plant physiology, 15: 519-527.
Ritchie, S. W., Nguyen, H. T. and Holaday, A. S. 1990. Leaf water content and gas exchange parameters of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Crop Science, 30: 105-111.
Saied, A. S. 2004. Differences in NaCl stress tolerance of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cultivars Elsanta and Korona. Cuvillier Verlag, 111: 1-14.
Saied, A. S., Keutgen, A. J. and Noga, G. 2005. The influence of NaCl salinity on growth, yield and fruit quality of strawberry cvs. Elsanta and Korona. Scientia Horticulturae, 103: 289-303.
Sato, S., Sakaguchi, S., Furukawa, H. and Ikeda, H. 2006. Effects of NaCl application to hydroponic nutrient solution on fruit characteristic of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Scientia Horticulturae, 109: 248-253.
Slinkard, K. and Singleton, V. L. 1977. Total phenol analyses: Automation and comparison with manual methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 28: 49-55.
Tohma, O. and Esitken, A. 2011. Response of salt stressed strawberry plants to foliar salicylic acid pre-treatments. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 34: 590-599.
Tulipani, S., Mezzetti, B., Capocasa, F., Bompadre, S., Beekwilder, J., Ricvos, C. H., Capanoglu, E., Bovy, A. and Battino, M. 2008. Antioxidants, phenolic compounds, and nutritional quality of different strawberry genotypes. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 56: 696-704.
Turhan, E. and Atilla, E. 2004. Effect of chloride application and different media on ionic strawberry plants under salt stress conditions. Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36: 1021-1028.
Turhan, E. and Eris, A. 2005. Changes of micronutrients, dry weight and chlorophyll contents in strawberry plants under salt stress conditions. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36: 1021-1028.
Xinghong, Y. and Congming, Lu. 2005. Photosynthesis is improved by exogenous glycinebetaine in salt stressed Maize plants. physiologia Plantarum, 124: 343-352.
Yahya, B., Awang, J. and Atherton, G. 1995. Growth and fruiting responses of strawberry lants grown on Rockwool to shading and salinity. Scientia Horticulturae, 62: 25-31.
Zhao, Y., Aspinall, D. and Paleg, L. G. 1992. Protection of membrance integration (Medicago saliva L.). By glycinebetaine against the effects of freezing. Journal of Plant Physiology, 14: 541-543.
دوفصلنامه فنآوری تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 8، شماره 1
خرداد 1395
صفحه 147-161

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار