تأثیر سطوح مختلف شوری و رژیم‌های آبیاری روی برخی خصوصیات رشد و کارآیی مصرف آب در ارقام گندم (Triticum aestivum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا، همدان، ایران

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

در این تحقیق واکنش دو رقم گندم نان (ارگ و تجن)، به رژیم‌های آبیاری (آبیاری کامل و 85 درصد نیاز آبی) و سطوح متفاوت شوری (صفر، 50، 100 و 150 میلی‌مولار کلریدسدیم) در آزمایشی گلخانه‌ای به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. زمانی که برگ چهارم به حداکثر سطح خود رسید، تیمارها اعمال گردیدند. شوری 150 میلی­مولار موجب کاهش معنی­دار وزن خشک اندام هوایی، وزن خشک ریشه و کارآیی مصرف آب دانه و وزن خشک اندام هوایی گردید. اگرچه کارآیی مصرف آب وزن خشک اندام هوایی و دانه در رقم متحمل ارگ (به‌ترتیب 9/3 و 97/0 گرم در لیتر در بوته) بیش‌تر از رقم حساس تجن (8/2 و 85/0 گرم در لیتر در بوته) بود، اما وزن خشک اندام هوایی ارقام تقریباً به یک نسبت کاهش یافت. تیمار کم آبیاری میزان سدیم بافت‌ها را کاهش داد و موجب افزایش نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم برگ پرچم از 73/4 به 33/5 و کارآیی مصرف آب وزن خشک اندام هوایی از 1/3 به 5/3 گرم در لیتر در بوته شد. سطوح 50 و 100 میلی­مولار شوری بر عملکرد دانه هر دو رقم بی‌تأثیر بود. در نهایت شوری 150 میلی­مولار در هر دو تیمار آبیاری کامل و کم آبیاری موجب کاهش یکسانی در عملکرد دانه رقم تجن شد، اما بر عملکرد دانه رقم ارگ بی‌تأثیر بود. ازآنجاکه عملکرد دانه ارقام در سطوح متفاوت شوری تحت تأثیر آبیاری قرار نگرفت، بنابراین هر دو رقم دارای تحمل یکسانی نسبت به تنش اسمزی بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Different Salinity Levels and Irrigation Regimes on Certain Growth Properties and Water Use Efficiency in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahid Atlassi Pak 1
  • Omid Bahmani 2
  • Samira Afshin Nik 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
3 MSc Student, Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

In this study, response of two bread wheat cultivars (Arg and Tajan) to different irrigation regimes (full irrigation and 85 percent of water requirement) and different salinity levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) in a greenhouse using a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block designe with three replications was evaluated. Treatments were imposed when the leaf 4 was fully expanded. 150 mM level of  salinity significantly decreased  shoot dry weight, root dry weigh, and water use efficeiny in grain and shoot dry weight. Although, water use efficeiny in grain and shoot dry weight of tolerant Arg cultivar (3.9 and 0.97 g/L per plant respectively) was more than sensitive Tajan cultivar (2.8 and 0.85 g/L per plant respectively), but both cultivars had the same reduction in shoot dry weight. Deficit irrigation decreased the rate of roots Na+, shoot Na+ and flag leaf Na+, and increased flag leaf K+/ Na+ ratio from 4.73 to 5.33 and water use efficeiny in shoot dry weight from 3.1 to 3.5 g/L per plant respectively. The yield of both cultivars did not affect by 50 and 100 mM NaCl. At last, 150 mM NaCl caused a same reduction in yield at full irrigation and 85 percent of water requirement in Tjan, but in Arg cultivar, the yield did not affect by this level of salinity. Because grain yield of both cultivars did not affect by deficit irrigation under salinity levels, thus they had a similar resistance to osmotic stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Osmotic stress
  • Shoot Na+
  • Yield
  • Root dry weight
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